1. 1
Trends of NGN and Its Issues
Koichi Asatani
Kogakuin University
IEEE Distinguished Lecturer Program
Boston, MA, October 29, 2008
Broadband Access in Japan
NumberofSubscribers(Million)
2002 2005 2006 2007 20082003 2004
FTTH
Cable
ADSL
0
1 0
2 0
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008

2. 2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
IP Telephone Subscriber Number Growth
x10k
0AB-J
050
total
2005.3
2007.9
2007.3
2006.9
2006.3
2005.9
2008.3
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008
Evolution in Networks and Applications
WWW
NGI
Internet
ARPA
Packet Switched
Network
B-ISDN
ISDN
Digital Telephone
Network
Analog Telephone
Network
ftp telnet
e-mail
Internet access
Data
communications
Telephone
Broadband
StreamingADSL
FTTH
FWA
nGWL
NGN
Burst, Streaming
Unicast, Multicast
Voice Sound Video Mutlimedia
FR
ATM
P2P
Network Evolution
Telecom
Applications
Internet
Applications
SDH
FAX
IP Telephony
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008

3. 3
Pros & Cons
Guaranteed QoS
High Security
High Dependability
Best Effort type of QoS
Low Security
Low Dependability
Spams & Malware
Fixed Bandwidth
High Cost
Flexible Bandwidth
Low cost
PROS
CONS
Telecom Internet
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008
Network Principles and Convergence
TelecomTelecom InternetInternet
End Principle
End nodes are responsible.
End PrincipleEnd Principle
End nodeEnd nodess are responsible.are responsible.
Network Principle
Network is responsible.
Network PrincipleNetwork Principle
Network is responsible.Network is responsible.
Stateless networksStateless networksStatefulStateful networksnetworks
Trustful networksTrustful networks Trustful end usersTrustful end usersTerminalTerminal
liberalizationliberalization
NonNon--transparent networktransparent network Transparent networkTransparent network
ISDNISDN
Firewall PFirewall Proxyroxy,,
NATNAT
Best effort networksBest effort networksQoS guaranteed networksQoS guaranteed networks
ADSLADSL
RSVPRSVP
DiffServeDiffServe
Regulated Market Competitive Market?
Koichi Asatani 2008

4. 4
-Packet-based network providing telecommunication services
-Making use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies
-Service-related functions independent from underlying transport-related technologies
-Providing unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers
and/or services of their choice.
-Supporting generalized mobility, allowing consistent and ubiquitous provision of
services to users.
Source:Rec.Y.2001
Target Standards Area
Generalized Mobility Convergence btw. Fixed & Mobile
Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F
Separation Services with Transport Architecture and Open API
QoS-enabled Transport
Multiple-Broadband
Manageable Broadband
Definition & Features of NGN
Koichi Asatani 2008
Next Generation Networks -Principles-
NGN Transport Functions
NGN Service-Related Functions
Telephone Services
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc.)
Video Services (TV, movies, etc.)
Internet Protocol
(IP)
Anything and Everything
Everything
(Any and All Network Technologies)
(Any/All Applications
e.g., voice, data, video)
Scope of
the
Internet
“Service Stratum”
“Transport Stratum”
Source: ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011 —
General principles and general reference model for next generation networks
Koichi Asatani 2008

5. 5
NGN Transport and Service Configuration
Other MultimediaService
Components…
Streaming Service
Component
PSTN / ISDN Emulation
Service Component
IP Multimedia Component
&PSTN/ISDN Simulation
IP Multimedia
Service Component
S. User
Profile
Functions
GWGW
Applications
Legacy
Terminals
Note: Gateway (GW) may exist in either Transport Stratum or
End-User Functions.
*
Legacy
Terminals
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
End-User
Functions
Legacy
Terminals
Note: Gateway (GW) may exist in either Transport Stratum or
End-User Functions.
*
Legacy
Terminals
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
End-User
Functions
Application Functions
Core transport
Functions
NGN
Terminals
Customer
Networks
OtherNetworks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Core Transport
Functions
OtherNetworks
Transport Stratum
Edge
Functions
Access Transport
Functions
Service
Control
Functions
Network Access
Attachment Functions
NAAF
Network Attachment
Control Functions
(NACF)
AccessNetwork
Functions
Resource and Admission
Control Functions
(RACF)
User
Profile
Functions
T. User
Profile
Functions
GWGW
Application Functions
Core transport
Functions
NGN
Terminals
Customer
Networks
OtherNetworks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Core Transport
Functions
OtherNetworks
Transport Stratum
Edge
Functions
Access Transport
Functions
Access Transport
Functions
Service
Control
Functions
Network Access
Attachment Functions
NAAF
Network Attachment
Control Functions
(NACF)
AccessNetwork
Functions
Resource and Admission
Control Functions
(RACF)
User
Profile
Functions
T. User
Profile
Functions
User
Profile
Functions
T. User
Profile
Functions
GWGWGWGW
Other MultimediaService
Components…
Streaming Service
Component
PSTN / ISDN Emulation
Service Component
IP Multimedia Component
&PSTN/ISDN Simulation
IP Multimedia
Service Component
S. User
Profile
Functions
GWGWGWGW
Applications
Y.NGN-FRA Figure 8 -
Koichi Asatani 2008
NGN architecture overview
Transport stratum
Service stratum
Control MediaManagement
Service user
profiles
Transport user
profiles
ANI
Applications
Transport control functions
Resource and
admission
control functions
Network
attachment
control functions
End-userfunctions
NNI
UNI
ANI
control
Services
Media handling
functions
Transport functions
Gateway
functions
Gateway
functions
Gateway
functions
Service control functions
Othernetworks
Gateway
functions
Managementfunctions
Application support function and
service support functions
Source: Fig.7.1/ITU-T Rec.Y.2013 and Fig.1/ITU-T Rec. Y.2401/M.3060
Koichi Asatani 2008

6. 6
IMS-based NGN Configuration Example
Service User
Profile
Service Stratum
Transport Stratum
IMS Core
Teleconferencing
AS
Presence
ASAS
IP Centrex
AS
Applications
Application Servers
End User Terminals
IMS：IP Multimedia Subsystems CSCF : Call Session Control Function
S-CSCF : Serving-CSCF I-CSCF: Interrogating-CSCF P-CSCF : Proxy-CSCF
RACF: Resource and Admission Function, PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
Other
Networks
NGN
non-NGN
I-CSCFS-CSCFP-CSCF
RACF/
NACF
Others
PSTN
Media
Gateway
Legacy
Cellular
BroadbandWLANIMS Cellular
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008
NGN release 3
・RF-ID
NGN release 2
・entertainment
・home networks
NGN Release 1
・multimedia
・PSTN/ISDN
emulation/
simulation
Services & Capabilities
2007
Release 2
Enhancements
2009 20xx
- multimedia
- PSTN/ISDN
emulation/
simulation
・Streaming
Services
・Ubiquitous
Services
NGN Standardization Release Approach
Release 1
Enhancements
Koichi Asatani 2008

7. 7
NGN Release 1 Service Capabilities(1/2)
PSTN/ISDN like servicePSTN/ISDN Simulation
Same or better PSTN/ISDN servicePSTN/ISDN Emulation
3GPP release 6 and 3GPP2 release A OSA-based services
VPN services
Information services (e.g., highway monitoring)
Hosted and transit services for enterprises (e.g., IP Centrex)
Broadcast/multicast services
Push-based services
Content delivery services
Collaborative interactive communication services
Point-to-Point interactive multimedia services (video telephony)
Push to talk
Messaging service
Presence and general notification services
Real-time text
Real-time conversational voice services (interworking with PSTN and cellular
networks)
Multimedia Service
OutlineService Type
Koichi Asatani 2008
NGN Release 1 Service Capabilities(2/2)
Unsolicited bulk telecommunications protection
Service unbundling
Number portability
Support of users with disabilities
Network or service provider selection
User identifier presentation and privacy
Emergency telecommunication
Malicious communication identification
Lawful interception
Public Interests
OTN (Over-the-Network) device management
Remote Control/tele-action（e.g., Home application control, telemetry,
alarming)
Sensor network service
On-Line applications (e.g., On-line marketing, e-commerce)
Data Communications (e.g., file transfer, Web browsing)
Data retrieval (e.g., tele-software)
VPN
Other Services
Legacy Internet AccessInternet Access
OutlineService Type
Koichi Asatani 2008

8. 8
NTT’s NGN Services
Ethernet
Ethernet over NGN
(Business Ether Wide service)
Multicast
Unicast
Best Effort
Multicast
Unicast
QoS Guaranteed
Content Delivery Service
(FLET'S Cast service)
VPN (Center-to-End, CUG)Best Effort
VPN (Center-to-end, CUG) To be providedQoS GuaranteedVPN service
(FLET'S VPN Gate service)
Video Telephony
Business Telephony
Hikari Telephony (Standard QoS, High QoS: 7kHz)
QoS Guaranteed
Optical Telephony service
(Hikari Denwa and
Hikari Denwa Office Type)
Service for Business users
Service for Residential Users (apartment house)
Service for Residential Users (single family house)
Optical Broadband service
(FLET'S Hikari Next service)
ContentService
Koichi Asatani 2008
NGN Telephony Protocol
100Base-TX/10BaseTxPhysical
IEE802.3-2005 MAC
ARP
Data Link
IPv6/ICMPv6IPv4/ICMPv4Network
UDP/TCPUDPTransport
Session
Presentation HTTP
RTP RTCP
G.722 (voice)
H.264(video)
SIP
SDP
Application
OthersMedia ControlSession ControlLayer
Koichi Asatani 2008

9. 9
NGN Service Areas
0
50
100
150
200
250
2008.3
2009.3
2008.12
2008.9
2008.6
NumberofCities
(32.7m/128m)
Koichi Asatani 2008
NGN-related Standardization Organizations
USA
Europe
ATISATIS
TTC (Japan)TTC (Japan)
TTA (Korea)TTA (Korea)
CCSA (China)CCSA (China)
IETFIETF
ETSIETSI
ITU
NGN-GSI
ITU
NGN-GSI
AsiaTISPANTISPAN
3GPP3GPP
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008

10. 10
Next Generation IP Network Forum
Next Generation IP Network
Forum
Chair: Prof. Tadao Saito (University of Tokyo)
Technology Group
Chair: Prof. Shigeki Goto
(Waseda University)
R&D and Standardization Group
Chair: Prof. Koichi Asatani
(Kogakuin University)
Planning and Promotion Group
Chair: Dr. Yuichi Matsushima (NICT)
Strategic Planning WG
Home Networks WG
IP Terminal Group
Chair: Prof. Hitoshi Aizawa (University of Tokyo)
Applications Promotion Group
Chair: Prof. Jiro Kokuryo (Keio University)
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008
Evolution and Convergence
Telecom
（Circuit Switched)
Broadcast
Internet
（IP)
NGN
(IP)
Broadcast
(IP?)
Internet
(IP)
NGN
(IP)
NGN
(IP)
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008

11. 11
New Business Models
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
Terminal
service
vender
Legacy
telecom
NW
vender
NW service
vender
e.g. MVNO
Application
vender
Platform
vender
NW
NW service
Application
platform
Applications
/content
Terminals
Legacy
cellular
+
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008
IPv6 Multi-prefix
HGW: Home Gateway, GW: Gateway, STB: Set top box
HGW
LAN
NGNNGN
ISPISP
To Internet
ISP
IPv6
NGN
IPv6
STB
ISP
IPv6
NAT tunneling
NGN
Applications
To Internet
HGW
LAN
NGNNGN
GW
NGN
IPv6
STB
NGN
Applications
All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008

12. 12
Issues
• Evolution and Convergence
– Harmonic FMC
• New Business Models
– Service Creator Involvement
– NGN as a service platform
• Regulation
– Communication vs. Broadcast
• Global Standards
– Global collaboration
• Multi-prefix in IPv6 :
– Confliction between NGN IPv6 address and ISPs'
IPv6 address both of which are assigned to the
same terminal. All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008
Thank you!