Biodiesel

1. ALTERNATIVE FUELS
(BIODIESEL)

2.  CONTENTS
 Need
of allternate fuel
 What is biodiesel?
 How it is made?
 Advantages of biodiesel over diesel
 Disadvantages
 Emission tests
 Why biodiesel should be used?

3. 


World today is facing the pinch of rising energy
consumption.
Green house gas emissions and global warming is also in
the forefront of critical issues.
India is ranked 6th in terms of energy demands but its
domestic crude oil production satisfies only ¼th of our
current demands.

4.  Burning
fossil fuels
increases atmospheric
levels of carbon dioxide
 Fossil
fuels are a
finite resource
Biodiesel closed carbon
cycle

5. 

Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels (petroleum,coal),
and nuclear materials such as uranium.
Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional fuels.

6. What is Biodiesel?

Alternative fuel for diesel engines

Made from vegetable oil or animal fat

Meets health effect testing (CAA)

Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer

Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.

Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl
esters produced usually from triglyceride esters

7. FA
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel
Fatty Acid
Alcohol
Glycerin

8. 
Sources of biodiesel:
 Honge
 Jatropha
High capital, broad scale production plan
initiated
 Cost per liter projected at Rs. 27


9. 
Biodiesel from Jatropha

Seeds of the Jatropha nut is
crushed and oil is extracted

The oil is processed and
refined to form bio-diesel.

10. Biodiesel can be used in existing
Diesel Engines

Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with
petroleum diesel (B20, BXX).

Rudolf Diesel: peanut oil.

Little or no engine modifications

Use existing fuel distribution network.

11. 
Biodiesel is made from the combination of a triglyceride with
a monohydroxy alcohol (i.e. methanol, ethanol…).

What is a triglyceride? Made from a combination of glycerol
and three fatty acids:

12. CH2OOR1
catalyst
CH2OH
|

|
CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH  3CH3OORx + CHOH
|
|
CH2OOR3
CH2OH
Triglyceride
3 Methanols
Biodiesel
Glycerin
R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same),
and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final
properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)

14. After Glycerin removal, biodiesel now just needs to be
cleaned/purified before.

16. 




Diesel engines run better and last longer on biodiesel.
The original diesel engine was designed to run on
biodiesel made on the farm.
Biodiesel is a much better lubricant.
According to the Guinness World Records, a German
truck travelled 780,000 miles on biodiesel.

17. 
Biodiesel has a high cetane rating, making it a
premium fuel that improves performance.

Biodiesel burns up to 75 percent cleaner,
reducing black smoke and cleaning fuel injectors.

18. It is less suitable for use in low temperatures.
 It cannot be transported in pipelines.
 It gives out more nitrogen oxide emissions.
 Only a few petrol stations offer biodiesel-fuel.
 It can only be used in diesel-powered engines.
 It can cause inner fuel tubes of older vehicles to
lose their long-lasting qualities.


19. 
It is more likely than petroleum diesel to attract
moisture, which can cause problems in cold
weather (fuel freezing, deposit of water in the
vehicle fuel delivery system, fuel cold flow,
clouding, and an increased corrosion, for
example) and increase the risk of microbial growth
(which can also clog engine filters).