This document provides an overview of global economic geography and discusses several key concepts: - It defines geography as the study of spatial patterns in the human and physical world, examining the distribution and relationships of natural and human features on Earth. - Globalization is defined as the increasing interconnectedness among people and places worldwide through various factors such as ideas, technologies, goods/services, and media. - The document outlines 10 major world regions and traces the history of globalization from early exploration and colonization to the current modern, globalized world.

2. GLOBAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 1 : GLOBALIZATION

3. What is Geography?
• A discipline that studies spatial patterns in the human
and physical world.
• Examines where and how the human and the natural
features of Earth’s surface are distributed, how they
relate to each other, and how they change over time.

4. World Regional Geography
Physical Geography Human Geography
The distribution of The distribution
climate varieties, of people and
plant ecologies, their activities
soil types, (economies,
mountain cultures, politics,
formation, and and urban
river action etc. changes.

5. Regions
• People create Regions
• Regions shape people’s activities
• People remake regions
• Region interacts with other regions
• Regions are used by those in power

6. Globalization
• The increasing level of interconnectedness among
people and places throughout the world.
• Facets of Globalization
– The spread of ideas, technologies, crime and diseases
– Flows of goods and services
– Human mobility
– Shifts in dominant ideologies, especially religious or
political beliefs
– The access to the availability of images and messages
through the media of TV, film, the Internet and print.
– Uncontrollable negatives

7. continued...
• Facet of Localization
– Political nationalism
– Separatist groups
– Customs and practices
– Ethnic and religious differences
– Resistance to the visible economic penetration

8. Measuring Globalization
• Political engagement indicator includes membership in
international organizations
• Technology measures include number of Internet users,
Internet hosts and secure servers for encrypted transaction
• Personal contact indicators such as international travel and
tourism, international telephone traffic, personal transfer,
cross-border nongovernmental remittances
• Economic integration measures such as trade flows,
portfolio capital flows, foreign direct investment, and
investment income.

9. Major World Region
1. Europe
2. Russia and Neighbouring Countries
3. East Asia
4. Southeast Asia
5. South Asia
6. Northern Africa and Southwestern Asia
7. Africa South of the Sahara
8. Australia, Oceania and Antartica
9. Latin America
10. North America

10. The Modern, Globalizing world
• Exploration and Colonies
– 1400s Indian and Chinese sailors explore the globe.
– 1450 European new trade system and wealth expansion.
– 1600s African slaves shipped to America
• Industrialization and Colonization
– Mid-1700s manufacturing technologies expansion.
• Globalization, Countries and Protectionism
– 1800s globalization of trade through the development of
communication technologies (telegraph) and trasportation

11. Further Globalization
• After the World War II (WWII) and the Cold
War
– Emergence of international organization (UN,
GATT [WTO] , IMF)
– International movement of ideas, capital, goods
and people increased significantly after 1978.
– China open door policy
– Break up of Soviet union in 1991

12. Conclusion
• The study of the world regions emphasizes the
interaction of global forces and local
conditions overtime.
• These interactions explain why today’s global
scenario is the way it is.

13. Conclusion