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3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•

3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating
Schematic of atoms in two
different metals
When metal are mixed to form
alloys there are 3 possibilities:
• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
exactly into the structure of the other without
disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
structures together but crystals of each will mix.
(e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
lead, they will not mix
Completely Soluble
When metal are mixed to form
alloys there are 3 possibilities:
• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
exactly into the structure of the other without
disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
structures together but crystals of each will mix.
(e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
lead, they will not mix
Partially soluble
When metal are mixed to form
alloys there are 3 possibilities:
• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
exactly into the structure of the other without
disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
structures together but crystals of each will mix.
(e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
lead, they will not mix
Insoluble
3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•

3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating
Thermal Properties
Density
kg/m3

Copper
Steel
Aluminium

Specific
Heat
J/kg/oC

Thermal
conductivity
W/moC

Coefficient
of thermal
expansion
/oC×10-6

8900
7800
2700

390
480
880

300
84
200

17
11
24
Mechanical Properties
Effect of cold working of typical
metal
Tensile
Strength

Percentage
elongation

Percentage change in cross section area
during cold working
3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•

3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating
Copperzinc-tin
alloys
Range of non-ferrous alloys
Some of the main non-ferrous
alloys used in construction
•
•
•
•

Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
Lead
The 3 grades of copper are
• Deoxidised copper, used for copper tube, suitable
for welding.
• Fire refined tough pitch copper, had higher
strength, thermal and electrical conductivity and
resistance to corrosion. Used for roof coverings.
These turn a pleasant green as surface corrosion
occurs. This corrosion product may stain adjacent
materials.
• Electrolytic tough pitch high conductivity copper.
Contains fewer impurities, has higher electrical
conductivity, used for electrical conductors.
Lead and Copper Roofing
Some of the main non-ferrous
alloys used in construction
•
•
•
•

Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
Lead
Galvanised (zinc plated) steel in
fence and structure
Some of the main non-ferrous
alloys used in construction
•
•
•
•

Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
Lead
Lead roof (note welded repair)
Note staining on bricks from lead roof
3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•

3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating
Electroplating

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3.3 alloys

  • 1. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS • • • • 3.3.1 Alloys 3.3.2 General properties 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys 3.3.4 Electroplating
  • 2. Schematic of atoms in two different metals
  • 3. When metal are mixed to form alloys there are 3 possibilities: • Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit exactly into the structure of the other without disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel) • Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form structures together but crystals of each will mix. (e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass) • Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten lead, they will not mix
  • 5. When metal are mixed to form alloys there are 3 possibilities: • Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit exactly into the structure of the other without disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel) • Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form structures together but crystals of each will mix. (e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass) • Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten lead, they will not mix
  • 7. When metal are mixed to form alloys there are 3 possibilities: • Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit exactly into the structure of the other without disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel) • Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form structures together but crystals of each will mix. (e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass) • Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten lead, they will not mix
  • 9. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS • • • • 3.3.1 Alloys 3.3.2 General properties 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys 3.3.4 Electroplating
  • 12. Effect of cold working of typical metal Tensile Strength Percentage elongation Percentage change in cross section area during cold working
  • 13. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS • • • • 3.3.1 Alloys 3.3.2 General properties 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys 3.3.4 Electroplating
  • 16. Some of the main non-ferrous alloys used in construction • • • • Copper Zinc Aluminium Lead
  • 17. The 3 grades of copper are • Deoxidised copper, used for copper tube, suitable for welding. • Fire refined tough pitch copper, had higher strength, thermal and electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion. Used for roof coverings. These turn a pleasant green as surface corrosion occurs. This corrosion product may stain adjacent materials. • Electrolytic tough pitch high conductivity copper. Contains fewer impurities, has higher electrical conductivity, used for electrical conductors.
  • 18. Lead and Copper Roofing
  • 19. Some of the main non-ferrous alloys used in construction • • • • Copper Zinc Aluminium Lead
  • 20. Galvanised (zinc plated) steel in fence and structure
  • 21. Some of the main non-ferrous alloys used in construction • • • • Copper Zinc Aluminium Lead
  • 22. Lead roof (note welded repair)
  • 23. Note staining on bricks from lead roof
  • 24. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS • • • • 3.3.1 Alloys 3.3.2 General properties 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys 3.3.4 Electroplating