1. Criminal Justice System
Avinash Rajput
Criminology 2nd Semester
Lok Nayak Jayprakesh Narayana National Institute of
Criminology and Forensic Science
Ministry of Home Affairs

2. Defination
 The term criminal justice refers to the agencies of
government charged with enforcing law, adjudicating
criminals, and correcting criminal conduct.
 A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social
institutions for enforcing the criminal law in accordance
with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations.
 A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social
institutions for enforcing the criminal law
 The phrase criminal justice system refers to a
collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that
deal with the crime problem

3. Objectives of Criminal
Justice System
 To prevent the occurrence of crime
 To punish the criminals
 To rehabilitate the criminals
 To compensate the victims as far as possible
 To maintain law and order in the society
 To deter the offenders from committing any criminal act
in the future

4. The Branches of Criminal
Justice System
 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 JUDICIAL BRANCH
 THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

5. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 Defines criminal behavior
 Establishes penalties
 Passes laws governing criminal procedure
 provide funding for criminal justice agencies

6. JUDICIAL BRANCH
 The guilt of persons charged with crimes
 Interpret the law
 Administers the process by which criminal responsibility
is determined

7. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 Executive power is given to the president, governors,
and mayors
 Carries out (executes) many acts of government
 Holds powers of appointment and Pardons
 They can lead efforts to improve criminal justice
 Provides leadership for crime control

8. The major components of
the Criminal Justice System

9. POLICE

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

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Enforce laws
Investigate crimes
Apprehend offenders
Maintain public order
rotect rights/freedoms of indivduals

10. Hierarchy of Police

11. COURT
 Place where “arguments” get settled
 Court applies the law to the argument at hand
 Court give the punishment
Thera are mainly three types of Court
 District Court
 High Court
 Supreme Court

12. Main Components of Court
 JUDGE
 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
 DEFENCE LAWYER

13. CORRECTION
 Rehabilitate and reform offenders
 Protect the community
 Humane custody

14. Hierarchy of Prison

15. Criminal Justice System as
a Filtering Process

16. Key Players in Criminal
Justice System
 POLICE
 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
 DEFENCE LAWYER
 JUDGE

17. POLICE
 Investigate the case
 Arrest the accused
 Collect the evidence
 Keep the peace
 Prevent crime
 Provide social services

18. PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
 Lawyers who represent the state and conduct criminal
cases against defendants
 The role of the Prosecutor begins once the police filed
the chargesheet in the court
 The Prosecutor must conduct the prosecution on behalf
of the Police investigation
 It is his/her duty to present all the facts, witnesses and
evidence before the court
 He/She has the right to a speedy trial

19. Hierarchy of Prosecution

20. DEFENCE LAWYER
 Represent the accused after arrest to give advice
 Investigate details of the offense on behalf of the
accused
 Discuss the case with the prosecutor and test the
strength of the state’s case
 Represent the accused at bail hearings
 Represent the accused at trial
 Present an appeal

21. JUDGE
 The judge is like an umpire in the Court
 The judge hears all the witnesses and see the evidence
presented by the both parties
 The judge decides whether the accused person is guilty
or innocent
 If the accused is convicted, then the judge pronounces
the sentence
 He may send the person to jail or impose a fine or both
according to the law prescribes

22. Purpose of Criminal Justice
System
 DOING JUSTICE
 CONTROLLING CRIME
 PREVENTING CRIME

23. Steps in the criminal justice
process
 Investigation
 Arrest
 Prosecution
 Filing of an information by a prosecutor
 Arraignment by a judge
 Pretrial detention or bail
 Plea bargaining
 Trial/adjudication of guilt
 Sentencing by a judge
 Appeals
 Punishment or rehabilitation

24. Types of Criminal justice
system
 INQUISITORIAL PROCESS
 ADVERSARY PROCESS

25. INQUISITORIAL PROCESS
 This System relates basically to Romano Germanic
System of Law
 This is also known as civil law system
 The Judge can play active role
 The accused must help to the prosecutor and the court

26. ADVANTAGE OF
INQUISITORIAL PROCESS
 The court plays substantive role in the trial to secure
justice
 All the component of criminal justice system must help to
secure justice
 Any distortion can be easily detected with the effort of
the court

27. DISADVANTAGE OF
INQUISITORIAL PROCESS
 Equal treatment of the law for all segments of the society
is not entertained

28. ADVERSARY PROCESS
 Adversary mode of justice is close to Anglo-American
system
 It advocates the supremacy of law
 The Judge play the role like a football umpire
 The accused need not cooperate with the police and he
can remain silent in the court throughout the trial
 The prosecutor must prove the accused guilt beyond the
reasonable doubt

29. ADVANTAGE OF
ADVERSARY PROCESS
 It insists upon strict observance of procedural law
 The representation of lawyer from both sides is
indispensable
 The accused has right to silence
 He need not give evidence from his side
 Prosecution must prove the guilt beyond reasonable
doubt
 The accused may claim benefit of doubt

30. DISADVANTAGE OF
ADVERSARY PROCESS
 The accused does not help the police
 The police must work on his own strength against the
accused
 Contest on technical error in the court is possible
 The court is helpless to correct it
 The police sometime may not be able to find sufficient
evidence against the accused
 This leads to dropping-out of the case

31. Improve criminal justice
system in India
 Simplification of Rules and Procedures
 Repealing of Outdated Laws
 Criminal Law Amendment
 Police as Investigative Agency
 Judicial Accountability
 Appointment, Promotion and Transfer of Judges
 Average Judge-Population Ratio
 Perjury and Contempt Of Court
 Efficient Public Prosecutor
 Transparency of Court Proceedings
 Time Bound Filling of Vacant Post in the Judiciary