XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It allows users to define their own elements and tags. XML uses Unicode, has a clear syntax, and elements must be properly nested with closing tags. XML can be combined with stylesheets to format documents and is the foundation for web services technologies like SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.

1. XML &
web
services
Ayush Agrawal
B.E.
Fourth Semester
C.S.E. A

2. EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
store and organize just about any kind of information
An open standard
Unicode as its standard character set , so supports in writing any
type of script and symbol
clear, simple syntax and unambiguous structure
Can be combined with stylesheets to create formatted documents

3. What Is XML?
XML is a protocol for containing and managing information.
Family of technologies that can do everything from formatting
documents to filtering data.
Necessary foundation for the next level
Satellite technologies such as stylesheets, transformations,
and do-it-yourself markup languages.

4. FACTS
• Xml is different from Html.
1
• In Xml we can create our own
2 tags .
• It is a W3C recommendation.
3

5. Can create new internet languages

6. XML TREE
XML documents must contain a root element. This element is "the parent" of all
other elements.The elements in an XML document form a document tree.
The tree starts at the root and branches to the lowest level of the tree.
A general view

7. SYNTAX AND RULES
ALL ELEMENTS MUST HAVE CLOSING TAGS.
ALL TAGS ARE CASE SENSITIVE.
ELEMENTS MUST BE PROPERLY NESTED.
ATTRIBUTE VALUES MUST BE QUOTED.
ENTITY REFRENCES SHOULD BE USED.
WHITE SPACES IN A DOCUMENT ARE NOT TRUNCATED.

8. XML ELEMENTS
An element can contain:
An XML element is everything from 1.other elements
(including) the element's start tag to 2.text
(including) the element's end tag. 3.attributes
or a mix of all of the above...
XML elements must follow these naming rules:
1.Names can contain letters, numbers, and other characters
2.Names cannot start with a number or punctuation character
3.Names cannot start with the letters xml (or XML, or Xml, etc)
4.Names cannot contain spaces
XML elements can be extended to carry more information.

9. XML VALIDATION AND VALIDATOR
A "Valid" XML document is a "Well Formed" XML document, which also
conforms to the rules of a Document Type Definition (DTD)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Note.dtd">
The purpose of a DTD is to define the structure of an XML document
The W3C XML specification states that a program should stop processing
an XML document if it finds an error
To validate xml files we can use various validators because
with xml errors are not allowed

10. VIEWING XML FILES
Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers.
Don't expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages.
The XML document will be displayed with color-coded root and child elements
A plus (+) or minus sign (-) to the left of the elements can be clicked to expand
or collapse the element structure
To view the raw XML source (without the + and - signs), select
"View Page Source" or "View Source" from the browser menu.

11. WE CAN LINK XML FILE WITH A CSS FILE TO ADD DISPLAY INFORMATION TO A XML FILE
INCUDE JUST A LINE:
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href=“filename.css"?>
WE CAN EVEN USE XSLT TO PLAY WITH THE DISPLAY OF A XML FLE
XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) IS THE RECOMMENDED
STYLE SHEET LNGAGE FOR XML FILE
Different browsers may produce different result when transforming XML
with XSLT. To reduce this problem the XSLT transformation can be done on
the server.

12. NAMESPACES
Namespaces provide a method to avoid element name conflicts.
In XML, element names are defined by the developer.This often results
in a conflict when trying to mix XML documents from different XML applications.
<table> Name conflicts in XML can easily be
<tr> avoided using a name prefix.
<td>Apples</td>
<td>Bananas</td> <h:table>
</tr> <h:tr>
</table> <h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
<table> </h:tr>
<name>African Coffee Table</name> </h:table>
<width>80</width>
<length>120</length> <f:table>
</table> <f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
The namespace is defined by the <f:length>120</f:length>
xmlns attribute in the start tag of an </f:table>
element.The namespace declaration
has the following syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".

13. XML AND JAVASCRIPT
XML PARSER
An XML parser converts an XML document into an XML DOM object –
which can then be manipulated with JavaScript.
XML DOM
A DOM (Document Object Model) defines a standard way for accessing
and manipulating documents.
The XML DOM defines the objects and properties of all XML elements,
and the methods (interface) to access them
XML DOM is nothing but javascript accessible object.

14. Web services
• The basic standards for web services are:
• XML (Extensible Markup Language)
• SOAP (simple object access protocol)
• WSDL (web services description language)
• UDDI (universal description, discovery and integration)

15. • Web Services involve three major roles
– Service Provider
– Service Registry
– Service Consumer
• Three major operations surround web services
– Publishing – making a service available
– Finding – locating web services
– Binding – using web services
Because web services deals with inter-organisation communication
these must be universal standards.

16. SOAP
• Actually used to communicate with the Web Service
• Both the request and the response are SOAP messages
• The body of the message (whose grammar is defined by the
WSDL) is contained within a SOAP “envelope”
• “Binds” the client to the web service

17. WSDL
• Describes the Web Service and defines the
functions that are exposed in the Web Service
• Defines the XML grammar to be used in the
messages
– Uses the W3C Schema language

18. UDDI
• UDDI is used to register and look up services with a central
registry
• Service Providers can publish information about their business
and the services that they offer
• Service consumers can look up services that are available by
• Business
• Service category
• Specific service