Tutorial presentation about IIIF and (its use of) JSON-LD for the LODLAM training day at SemTechBiz.

1. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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International Image Interoperability Framework
and JSON-LD
Robert Sanderson
azaroth42@gmail.com
azaroth@stanford.edu
@azaroth42 #iiif
Digital Library Systems and Services
Stanford University
http://iiif.io/

2. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Cultural Heritage is Steadily being Digitized
MS Richardson 7, Houghton Library, Harvard University

3. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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To What End?
Grain elevators, Caldwell, Idaho, by Lee Russell, 1941. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/fsac.1a34206/

4. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Co-operate?
Grain elevators, Caldwell, Idaho, by Lee Russell, 1941. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/fsac.1a34206/
?

5. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Remember...
https://www.flickr.com/photos/elviskennedy/10382501363/ cc-by-nc-nd

6. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Remember...
https://www.flickr.com/photos/elviskennedy/10382501363/ cc-by-nc-nd
Valuable Content

7. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Remember...
https://www.flickr.com/photos/elviskennedy/10382501363/ cc-by-nc-nd
Valuable Content
Ugly Construction

8. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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EU Federation: Europeana

9. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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EU Federation: Europeana

10. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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From Europeana to Many One-Off Apps

11. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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And Out Again...

12. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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To Complexity

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LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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US Federation: DPLA

14. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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US Federation: DPLA

15. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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From DPLA to Many One-Off Apps

16. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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And Out Again...

17. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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To Complexity

18. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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US Federation: DPLA

19. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Out to Ege 1 in South Carolina

20. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Meet Otto and Ben
Otto Ege,
20th c. Biblioclast
Ben Albritton
21st c. Manuscript
Scholar

21. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Meet Otto and Ben
Otto Ege,
20th c. Biblioclast
Ben Albritton
21st c. Manuscript
Scholar

22. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Otto Ege MS 1, as of 1940

23. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Remnants of Otto Ege MS 1, as of 2014

24. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Remnants of Otto Ege MS 1, as of 2014

25. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Stanford’s Leaves of Ege MS 1

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LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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http://iiif.io/
Global community and framework for sharing and delivering
images, especially for Cultural Heritage, using standard APIs
via jointly developed and supported software.

27. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Community
• ARTstor
• Bibliothèque Nationale de
France
• Bodleian Libraries, Oxford
University
• British Library
• Cambridge University
• Cornell University
• DPLA
• Europeana
• e-codices
• Harvard University
• Johns Hopkins University
• National Library of Denmark
• National Library of New Zealand
• National Library of Norway
• National Library of Poland
• National Library of Wales
• Princeton University
• St. Louis University
• Stanford University
• Wellcome Trust
• UK National Archives
• Yale University

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LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Two APIs: Image and Presentation
Image API:
http://iiif.io/api/image/2.0/
Two parts: Actual Pixels, Technical Metadata (JSON-LD)
Presentation API:
http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2.0/
Based on Shared Canvas data model (in JSON-LD)

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IIIF Image API
Base URL: {scheme}://{host}{/prefix}/{identifier}!
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!

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IIIF Image API
Base URL: {scheme}://{host}{/prefix}/{identifier}!
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!

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IIIF Image API
Base URL: {scheme}://{host}{/prefix}/{identifier}!
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!

32. IIIF and JSON-LD
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IIIF Image API
Base URL: {scheme}://{host}{/prefix}/{identifier}!
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!

33. IIIF and JSON-LD
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IIIF Image API
Base URL: {scheme}://{host}{/prefix}/{identifier}!
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!

34. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Image API
Base URL: {scheme}://{host}{/prefix}/{identifier}!
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!

35. IIIF and JSON-LD
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IIIF Image API: Region
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!
!
• Full Image:
{base}/full/full/0/default.jpg!
!
• Area by Pixels:
{base}/100,100,640,480/full/0/default.jpg!
!
• Area by Percentage:
{base}/pct:50,50,33,33/full/0/default.jpg!

36. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Image API: Size
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!
• Full Image:
{base}/full/full/0/default.jpg!
• Size by Pixels, forced aspect:
{base}/full/640,480/0/default.jpg!
• Size by Pixels, aspect preserved:
{base}/full/!640,480/0/default.jpg!
• Size by Percentage:
{base}/full/pct:50/0/default.jpg!
• Size by Width, or by Height: !
{base}/full/,480/0/default.jpg!
{base}/full/640,/0/default.jpg !

37. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Image API: Rotation
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!
• Full Image:
{base}/full/full/0/default.jpg!
!
• 90 degree Rotation:
{base}/full/full/90/default.jpg!
{base}/full/full/180/default.jpg!
!
• Arbitrary Rotation:
{base}/full/full/27.6/default.jpg
!
• Mirroring:
{base}/full/full/!0/default.jpg!
!
!
!

38. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Image API: Quality
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!
• Full Image:
{base}/full/full/0/default.jpg!
!
• Explicit Option:
{base}/full/full/0/color.jpg!
{base}/full/full/0/gray.jpg!
{base}/full/full/0/bitonal.jpg!
!
!

39. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Image API: Format
Image Resource:
{base}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}!
!
• Full Image:
{base}/full/full/0/default.jpg!
!
• Other Options:
{base}/full/full/0/default.png!
{base}/full/full/0/default.tif!
{base}/full/full/0/default.gif!
{base}/full/full/0/default.jp2!
{base}/full/full/0/default.pdf!
{base}/full/full/0/default.webp!
!
!
!

40. IIIF and JSON-LD
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2.0 Implementations
Image Server: Loris
https://github.com/pulibrary/loris
Viewer: Open Seadragon
https://github.com/openseadragon/openseadragon
Demo:
http://libimages.princeton.edu/osd-demo/?
feedme=pudl0123%2F8172070%2F01%2F00000001.jp2
1.1 Implementations:
Server: Loris, IIPserver, Freelib-Djatoka, RIIIF, Pi3f, ...
Viewer: Open Seadragon, Wellcome Trust Player, TsangDragon, ...

41. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Development Infrastructure
Reference Implementation:
https://iiif.io/api/image/2.0/example/reference/
67352ccc-d1b0-11e1-89ae-279075081939
Server Validator:
http://iiif.io/api/image/validator/
Server Shims:
ContentDM
Chronicling America
Cloudinary
Djatoka
Luratech ICS
FSI Image Server

42. IIIF and JSON-LD
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IIIF Image API: Technical Info
Information Resource, in JSON-LD:
{base}/info.json!
!
!
!
!
!
{!
"@context": "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",!
"@id": "http://www.example.org/iiif/book1-p1",!
"height": 6000,!
"width": 4000,!
"tiles": [{"scale_factors": [ 1, 2, 4, 8 ], "width": 512}],!
"sizes": [{"width": 400, "height": 600},!
{"width": 2000, "height": 3000}!
],!
"profile": ["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json",!
{"formats": ["pdf", "gif"],!
"qualities": ["color", "gray"]}!
]!
}!
!
!
!

43. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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"RDF/XML was the Semantic Web's 3 Mile Island"
Manu Sporny, http://manu.sporny.org/2012/nuclear-rdf/
by Z22 - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Mile_Island_Nuclear_Generating_Station_Unit_2.jpg

44. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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"RDF/XML was the Semantic Web's 3 Mile Island"
Cleaning Up the Mess:
Stop talking about RDF
Focus on tools
Focus on developers
More "Dogfooding"
JSON-LD
http://json-ld.org/
John G. Kemeny et al. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TMI_cleanup-2.jpg

45. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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http://json-ld.org/
• Uses popular JSON format
• Uses regular JSON idioms
• Can often use existing JSON formats without change
• Maps into RDF using a "context" definition

46. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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JSON-LD Basics
• {} is a node in the graph
• @id key gives the subject, omit to create a blank node
• Other keys are predicates, values are objects
{!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/#me",!
"label": "Rob Sanderson", !
"height": 183!
}!
Remember kids, curly brackets are the new angle brackets.

47. IIIF and JSON-LD
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JSON-LD Basics
• @type gives the class (rdf:type)
• New nodes are chained inline
{!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/#me",!
"@type": "Person",!
"label": "Rob Sanderson", !
"hasPet": {!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/miya/#cat",!
"@type": "Cat",!
"height": 40!
}!
}!

48. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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JSON-LD
• Lists are multiple instances of a predicate
• ... or an rdf:List
• Can collapse @id to just a string
{!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/#me",!
"@type": "Person",!
"label": ["Rob Sanderson", "Robert Sanderson"], !
"playlist": [!
"http://music.example.com/songs/1.mp3",!
"http://music.example.com/songs/2.mp3",!
"http://music.example.com/songs/3.mp3"!
]!
}!

49. IIIF and JSON-LD
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Magic????
• @context provides a mapping to RDF
• Can define prefixes and predicates
{!
"@context": {!
"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",!
"rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",!
"Person": "foaf:Person",!
"label": "rdfs:label"!
},!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/#me",!
"@type": "Person",!
"label": "Rob Sanderson"!
}!

50. IIIF and JSON-LD
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Magic????
• Can define the expected type of object
{!
"@context": {!
"foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",!
"Person": "foaf:Person",!
"hasPet": {!
"@id": "http://example.com/ns/hasPet",!
"@type": "@id"!
}!
},!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/#me",!
"@type": "Person",!
"hasPet": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/miya/#cat"!
}!

51. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Magic????
• Can define the meaning of a JSON list
• Can redefine properties without changing representation
{!
"@context": {!
"playlist": {!
"@id": "http://eg.com/ns/hasPlaylist",!
"@type": "@id",!
"@container": "@list"!
},!
"label": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name"!
},!
"@id": "http://stanford.edu/~azaroth/#me",!
"label": ["Rob Sanderson", "Robert Sanderson"],!
"playlist": ["..."]!
}!

52. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Magic????
• Context can be external (and thus shared)
!
{ !
"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",!
"@id": "http://www.example.org/iiif/book1-p1",!
"height": 6000,!
"width": 4000,!
"tiles": [{"scale_factors": [1, 2, 4, 8], "width": 512}],!
"sizes": [{"width": 400, "height": 600},!
{"width": 2000, "height": 3000}],!
"profile": ["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json",!
{"formats": ["pdf", "gif"],!
"qualities": ["color", "gray"]}!
]!
}!

53. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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IIIF Presentation API
Just enough metadata to support a client presenting the digital
Cultural Heritage Object for the user to understand what she is
interacting with
Why “Presentation API”?
• NOT a[nother] full semantic, bibliographic metadata “standard”
• NOT (necessarily) an internal format: transform into it
• Linked Open Data (JSON-LD)
• Rationalization of (abstract) Shared Canvas data model
• Full support for annotation via Open Annotation
• http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2.0/

54. IIIF and JSON-LD
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Shared Canvas
• A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display

55. IIIF and JSON-LD
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Shared Canvas
• A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display
• A SharedCanvas's top left and bottom right corners correspond to
the equivalent corners of a page

56. IIIF and JSON-LD
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Shared Canvas / Open Annotation
• Annotation links Image with Canvas

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Shared Canvas / Open Annotation
• Annotation links Text with Canvas

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Shared Canvas / Open Annotation

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Benefits of Canvas Notion
Multiple Images of same page
• Multi-spectral imaging, multiple digitizations, …
Archimedes Palimpsest Multi-Spectral Images
http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/

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Benefits of Canvas Notion
No image of the page
• Hypothetical, lost, too fragile to digitize, …
This page intentionally,
but unfortunately,
left blank
Countless manuscripts, all around the world!

61. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Benefits of Canvas Notion
Partial images
• Fragments of page, details in high resolution, …

62. IIIF and JSON-LD
LODLAM Training Day, SemTechBiz, San Jose CA, 19th of August 2014
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Benefits of Canvas Notion
Non Image and External content
• Text – transcription, translation, edition, …
• Non-text transcription: diagrams, music
• Non text performance: audio, video

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Shared Canvas: Primary Resources

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Shared Canvas: All Resources

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IIIF Presentation API: JSON-LD
{!
"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json",!
"@id":"http://www.example.org/iiif/book1/canvas/p1.json",!
"@type":"sc:Canvas”,!
"label":"p. 1”,!
"height":1000,!
"width":750,!
"images": [!
{"@type":"oa:Annotation”,!
// annotation linking image to canvas …!
}],!
"other_content": [!
{"@type":"sc:AnnotationList",!
// reference to list of non-image annotations …!
}]!
} !
!
!

66. IIIF and JSON-LD
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Development Infrastructure
Reference Sets:
https://iiif.io/api/presentation/2.0/example/fixtures/collection.json
https://iiif.io/api/presentation/2.0/example/errors/collection.json
Validator:
http://iiif.io/api/presentation/validator/
Implementation Library:
https://github.com/IIIF/presentation-api/tree/master/implementations/
manifest-factory
Shims:
ContentDM
Chronicling America
METS [+ALTO]

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Open Annotation: Community Group
Established W3C Community Group in 2011
Currently 5th Largest of 177 groups: 128 participants
Today is final day for Annotation Working Group charter review!
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Interoperability between Annotation systems and platforms, by
…following the Architecture of the Web
…reusing existing web standards
…providing a single, coherent model to implement
…which is orthogonal to the domain of interest
…without requiring adoption of specific platforms
…while maintaining low implementation costs
Mission:

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Open Annotation: Basic Data Model
http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/

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Technical Demo: Mise-en-Page

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Mirador

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Mirador2

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Wellcome Player

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Remnants of Otto Ege MS 1, as of 2014

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Otto Ege MS 1, Reconstructed, in 2014

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Otto Ege MS 1, Reconstructed, in 2014

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Thank You
Robert Sanderson
azaroth42@gmail.com
azaroth@stanford.edu
@azaroth42
Web: http://iiif.io/
http://www.openannotation.org/
Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/
azaroth42/ ...