2. Today we will Understand what Diabetes is and how it affects the person Understand how insulin can be produced by recombinant DNA technology

3. The problem - Diabetes What do you know? Symptoms? Cause? Treatment?

4. Insulin– what is it exactly? A hormone (chemical messenger) that allows glucose to pass from the blood into your cells.

5. How it works

6. The solution - how can we getb lots of insulin? Other animals? Get something less cute to make it for us using the gene for insulin.

7. Recombinant DNA technology Joining together DNA molecules from two different species. This is then inserted into a host organism which can produce new genetic combinations that are useful to us

9. Bacteria – E. coli Transformation

10. And this is how…

11. Key words Isolated gene Sticky ends Vector Plasmid Restriction enzyme DNA ligase Recombinant plasmidTransformation Steps (not in order) The insulin gene is inserted into the bacterial plasmid using DNA ligase The gene for insulin is isolated and removed from human DNA leaving it with sticky ends The recombinant plasmid is taken up by the bacteria by transformation A plasmid from the bacteria E coli is removed and cut open using restriction enzymes The bacteria reproduces, making copies of the gene each time, allowing lots of insulin to be produced

12. What else?

13. Hormone Pancreas Vector Plasmid Transformation Gene Insulin Host Recombinant DNA Restriction enzyme DNA ligase Sticky ends