5. Schematic Diagram of an Operations System The components of an operations system can be portrayed in the schematic diagram as shown below: Input Output Feedback External Environment Factors Transformation Process Transformation Process
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10. Symbols Used in the Process Chart Operation Activity that modify, transform or give added value to the input Transportation Movement of materials or goods from one place to another Inspection Activity that measure the standard or quality Symbol Activity Description Delay Process is delayed because in process materials are waiting for next activity Storage Finished product or goods are stored in the storage area or warehouse
11. Flow Chart for the Production of Mixed Fruits Jelly Transfer the fruits from the store to the production area Check the quality of the fruits and segregate the bad fruits Clean the fruits under running water Put the fruits into the fruit chopper for chopping process Use electric ladle to stir the fruit until the fruits change into pulp Add ten parts of water into the mixture Boil the mixture for 90 minutes Put the chopped fruits into the boiler for steaming process
12. Activity Chart for Web Designing Services Greet the client Invite the client into the discussion room Get the relevant information from the client Brief the client about terms and conditions Get the agreement from the client regarding terms and condition Work on the design of the web Get the feedback from the client Make the amendment accordingly Make a presentation to the client Send the client to the door
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17. Example of Layout Based on Product Filling Area Office Steaming Receiving Area Finished Goods Storage Fruits Cleaning Area Washing Area Fruits Chopper
18. Example of Layout Based on Process Milling Machine Grinding Machine Drilling Machine Office Tool Room Storage Area
19. Example of Layout Based on Marketing Store Cashier Aisle Frozen Food Aisle Pastry Products Aisle
20. Example of Layout in a Restaurant Cashier Food Display Counter Beverages Dining Area Kitchen Store Food Counter Toilet
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22. Example of calculation for output per day Average sales forecast per month = RM 25,200.00 Price per unit = RM 15.00 Number of output per month = RM 25,200.00 RM 15.00 = 1,680 units If the number of working days per month is 24 days The amount of output to be produced per day is: = 1,680 units 24 days = 70 units per day
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27. Examples of Materials Requirement Schedule Material Quantity Safety Stock Total Material Requirement Price / unit (RM) Total price (RM) Flour 50 Kg 5 kg 55 1.2 66 Sugar 50 Kg 5kg 55 2.8 154 Eggs 200 units 20 220 0.15 33 Corn Syrup 100 Liter 10 110 3 330 Margarine 100 Kg 10 110 2 220 Total 803
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30. Examples of Machine & Equipment Requisition Planning Schedule No. Machine Quantity Price / Unit (RM) Total Price (RM) 1. Mixer 1 2000 2000 2. Cutter 2 1000 2000 3. Cash Register 1 1500 1500 Total 5500
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32. Formula To Calculate the amount of machine require: Machine Productive Time per day Planned Rate of Production per day X Standard Production Time / Unit = No. of Machine Required
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34. Formula To Calculate the amount of direct labor required Worker Productive Time per day Planned Rate of Production per day X Worker Standard Production Time / Unit = No. of Worker Required
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46. Example of Operations Budget RM 7,000 RM 30,100 RM 80,500 Total RM 6,000 RM 1,000 RM 20,000 RM 6,500 RM 600 RM 3,000 RM 35,500 RM 45,000 Machine and Equipment Factory Renovation Raw Materials Wages + EPF + SOCSO Utilities Factory Rent Deposit for rent Deposit for utilities Other Expenses Monthly Expenses Fixed Asset Item
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49. Example of Project Implementation Schedule 1 month June 2009 Installation of machines 1 month June 2009 Recruitment of labours 3 months April – June 2009 Procurement of machines and raw material 1 month April 2009 Renovation of premise 3 months Feb – Mac 2009 Searching for business premise 4 months Jan – April 2009 Application for permits and license 3 months Jan – Mac 2009 Incorporation of business Durations Deadlines Activities
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