Modular Ontologies: the Package-based Description Logics Approach
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The document presents Package-based Description Logics (P-DL), a modular ontology language that allows ontology modules to have partially overlapping local semantics. P-DL uses an importing mechanism between modules rather than linking. It allows flexible organization of modules into hierarchies and selective sharing of information. Reasoning is done locally by each module's reasoner and connections between local reasoning results are formed to construct the global semantics without fully integrating the modules.
![Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory Computational Intelligence, Learning, and Discovery Program Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University Modular Ontologies: the Package-based Description Logics Approach Acknowledgements : This research was supported in part by a grant from the US National Science Foundation (IIS-0639230) and support from the USDA Bioinformatics Coordination Project. Jie Bao and Vasant Honavar ABSTRACT Modularity in ontologies is required in many application scenarios, such as collaborative ontology building, partial ontology reuse, selective knowledge hiding, and distributed data management. Consequently, there is an urgent need for ontology languages with features such as localized semantics, partial reusability, well-structured organization and flexible knowledge scope limitation. This study will investigate a new modular ontology language, Package-based Description Logics (P-DL). In P-DL, an ontology is composed of a collection of modules called packages . Different from existing modular ontology language proposals that adopt the “linking” approach, P-DL adopts a selective “importing” mechanism to create semantic connections between ontology modules. The semantics of P-DL relaxes the strong local domain disjointness adopted in existing approaches. Consequently, P-DL has stronger expressivity and overcomes many semantic difficulties presented in existing approaches. This poster will present preliminary results on the syntax, semantics, and the reasoning algorithm of P-DL ontologies. SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2 – P-DL Features 3 – Reasoning with P-DL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],REFERENCES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Aug 17, 2006 Fig 1: Modular Ontology Application Example: Collaborative Ontology Building ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],P 3 protected 1. Whole ontology consists of a set of packages 2. Packages are organized in hierarchies 3. Terms and axioms are defined in packages with scope limitations P 1 P 2 public private P 1 P 2 public private P-DL: Package-based Description Logics, a modular ontology language that has the following features: Fig 2: P-DL Features Fig 3: (a) Whole ontology consists of a set of packages, one package can import terms from another package (b) A concrete example given in P-DL (arrows indicate importing relations) (a) (b) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Packages Package Hierarchy Fig 4: Package Hierarchy Scope Limitation ,[object Object],[object Object],Fig 5: (a) There are local models for each package that are connected by “domain relations” (arrows in figure); (b) A global model can be obtained from those partially overlapping local models Fig 6: Reasoning with P-DL. There are multiple local reasoners each for one package. Each local reasoner maintains a local tableau which is a “projection” of the global tableau. Connections between local tableaux is created by a set of messages. Reasoning with P-DL: constructing a (virtual) global model (represented by a “tableau” tree in the reasoning algorithm) by constructing multiple local tableaux using a federation of local reasoners. 1 – Construction of a Non-Redundant Dataset of RNA-Binding Proteins 1 – Motivation Swine Cattle Chicken Horse Each group works on an ontology module for a particular species (according to the group’s best expertise) Collaborative building of an animal trait ontology that involves multiple research groups across the world General Pet Wild Livestock Animal ontology PetDog Pet Dog General O 1 (General Animal) O 2 (Pet) General Pet Dog Animal ontology x x’ Δ I 1 Δ I 2 C I 1 C I 2 r 12 Δ I 3 r 13 r 23 x’’ C I 3 x C I (a) (b) x 1 {A 1 ,B 1 } {A 2 } {A 3 ,B 3 } {B 2 } x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 {A 1 } {A 2 } {A 3 } x 2 x 4 x 1 {B 1 } {B 3 } {B 2 } x 3 x 4 The (conceptual) global tableau Local Reasoner for package A Local Reasoner for package B](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2006-08-14mo-100706172034-phpapp01/85/Modular-Ontologies-the-Package-based-Description-Logics-Approach-1-320.jpg)
