1. Human Development I
Chapters 5-6
• Preparing For Baby’s Arrival
• The Baby’s Arrival

2. Learning Objectives and FCS
Standards
 Learning Objective: Students will
identify the medical care a pregnant
woman receives, how she should
care for herself during pregnancy,
describe the decisions and
preparations of parenthood, and
identify newborn characteristics.
 FCS Standards: FCS 4.A, 5.B, 5.C

3. Early Signs of Pregnancy
 A missed menstrual period
 A full feeling or mild ache in the
lower abdomen
 Feeling tired or faint
 A frequent need or urge to urinate
 Swollen breasts causing discomfort
 Nausea and/or vomiting particularly
in the morning

4. Who cares for the pregnant woman
 Obstetrician
 a doctor who specializes in pregnancy
and child birth-for medical care during
pregnancy.
 Family Doctor
 Midwife
 trained to assist women in childbirth

5. Where can baby be delivered?
 Hospitals
 has only happed for about the last 100 years.
Mom and baby will usually stay for 2-3 days.
Government requires insurance to pay for at
least 2 days.
 Home
 only if pregnancy is low risk, newborns born at
home are 2x as likely to die if problems arise.
 Alternative Birth Centers
 more homelike environment and focus on natural
childbirth with no pain control. Close to hospital if
problems should arise. Midwife usually delivers.

6. Types of Birth
 Vaginal
 Cesarean or C-section
 Premature Birth-Those born before 37 weeks
and weighing less than 5 lbs. 8 oz.
 Causes can include teenage births, multiple births,
other medical problems
 Require special care to help control their body
temperature, breathing, and feeding.
 Baby is placed in an incubator: oxygen supply,
temperature, and humidity can be closely
controlled.
 Babies may grow to be completely healthy or my
have long-term health problems.

7. The First Exam
 Includes:
 checking blood pressure, pulse, respiration, weight.
 Discussion of medical history
 Measurement of pelvis
 Urine analysis-checking for infection, diabetes
 Blood tests
 An approximate date is determined

8. Later Check-ups
 Check-ups happen once a month until about
the 6th
or 7th
month, then twice a month, and
during the last month-once a week.
 Between 24-28 weeks, a glucose tolerance
test is done to check for gestational diabetes.
 Mom is also monitored for preeclampsia:
high blood pressure and the presence of
protein in the mother’s urine.

9. Nutrition During Pregnancy
 The old idea of eating for two is incorrect.
 Mom needs about 300 extra calories a
day-a bit more of each food group than
normal-especially fruits rich in vitamin C
and leafy green veggies, and she should
drink lots of water.
 She should stay away from raw eggs,
undercooked meats, milk or cheese that is
not pasteurized, and certain fish.
 It’s also important to exercise and get
plenty of rest.

10.  Nutrition During Pregnancy activity

11. Preparing for Parenthood
 Do they have all the clothes,
equipment and space they need?
 Diapering needs
 Clothing
 Feeding equipment
 Bedding/bedroom
 bathing/hygiene supplies
 Travel equipment

12. Must make decisions about…
 Feeding
 Breast or bottle feed?
 Choosing a pediatrician
 A doctor who specializes in treating children
 Money (make a new budget)
 Balancing work and family
 How much time will each parent take off from
work?

13. Maternity or Paternity Leave
 Time a mom or dad take off from
work after a baby is born.
 Family Medical Leave Act:
 employers with more than 50 workers
must offer 12 weeks of unpaid family or
medical leave to new mothers and
fathers.

14. Characteristics of a Newborn
 Baby’s head looks large and is actually
about ¼ of the baby’s total height.
 The skull bones are not fully fused
creating fontanels: open spaces on the
baby’s head where the bones and not
yet joined.
 The face and eyes may look swollen.
 Their noses are flat and short and they
have a receding chin. Why??

15. Characteristics of a Newborn
 Some babies have lanugo: fine, downy hair
growing on their foreheads, backs, and
shoulders.
 Baby is covered with vernix: a thick white
pasty substance that covers the skin. Made of
the baby’s shed skin cells and secretions from
glands in the skin.
 Some babies also have milia: tiny white bumps
on their nose and cheeks, which are plugged
oil ducts caused by mom’s hormones.

16. Examining the Newborn
 Apgar scale: a system of rating the
physical condition of a newborn.
 5 factors
 heart rate
 Breathing
 muscle tone
 response to stimulation
 skin color
 checked at 1 minute after birth and again
after 5 minutes.
 They are rated on a scale from 0-2 and
added together. Normal score is from 6-
10.
Newborn Apgar T

17. Examining the Newborn
 Baby is also weighed, measured, cleaned.
 Antibiotic drops or ointment are put in the eyes
to prevent infection.
 Baby often receives a shot of vitamin K.
 Baby’s foot prints are done and identification
bands are attached to the baby’s ankle and to
the mother and father’s wrist.
Newborn care immediately after birth

18. The Postnatal Period
 Bonding
 Forming emotional ties between parents and child.
 Neonatal period
 the first month after the baby is born.
 Average stay in the hospital is 2-3 days.

19. The Postnatal Period
 Jaundice: a condition that occurs in over
50% of newborns.
 Causes the baby’s skin and eyes to look yellow.
 Occurs when the liver can’t remove bilirubin,
which is produced by the breakdown of red blood
cells. Baby may be producing too much or the
liver isn’t removing it quickly enough.
 If left untreated, it can damage the nervous
system.
 Treated by phototherapy: use of ultraviolet light
to help the liver do its job.

20. The Postnatal Period
 In the hospital…
 Lactation Consultants: professional
breastfeeding specialists, may become
involved
 Rooming-in: the degree in which baby spends
time with mom in her room. Partial means
baby spends part of the time in the nursery
 Legal documents-the process for the birth
certificate and social security numbers are
started.

21. Caring for Premature Babies
 Neonatal intensive care unit: (NICU) unit in hospital that
has special equipment and highly trained nurses to care
for premature babies.
 The earlier a baby is born, the more complications and
medical care it requires.
 Advances in medical care have allowed for premature
babies survival rate to increase. They may be fed
through a feeding tube and breathing machines may be
used to help baby breathe
 Premies can usually leave the hospital when they are off
of most machines, can eat and breathe on their own, and
are steadily gaining weight.

22. Mom’s needs during the postnatal
period
 Rest
 Exercise
 Nutrition
 Medical checkups- 4-6 weeks after the
birth.
 Emotional needs of mom are also
considered and she is monitored for
postpartum depression.

23. Breast Feeding vs. Bottle Feeding
 Activity
 Review the chart on page 165.
 Complete the worksheet.