Blt19 14 Jan 09 A Prof Raymond Lin Respiratory Tract Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections Associate Professor Raymond Lin Head, Clinical Microbiology BLT18/2008

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Normal oropharyngeal flora ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pathogens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Upper respiratory cavity infections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eustachian tube in infants – wider & horizontal

Otitis externa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ CROUP” laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis hoarse voice, barking cough severe cases - airway obstruction Laryngitis Parainfluenza viruses

Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiectasis

Pleural effusion Empyema Pneumothorax

Pneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pneumonia - pathogens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Viruses more important in children.

Pneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cooling tower - a possible source of Legionella infection

Pneumonia – immunocompromised patients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Laboratory approaches ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Investigations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Investigations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Investigations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sputum specimen composed of saliva and purulent material

Organisms that can be missed in a sputum BAL - Legionella - Pneumocystis jiroveci Respiratory Tract Specimens

Mycobacteria TB bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Non-TB bacilli many species M leprae, M avium, M kansasi etc

TB bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acid fast bacilli (AFB) when stained with ZN technique Normal habitat infected humans infected cattle Pathogenicity about 10 million people affected 3 million deaths Spread droplets > lungs > lymph / blood > kidney, bone, joints

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tuberculosis - diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests for tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bordetella pertussis (“whooping cough”) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

pertussis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Blt19 14 Jan 09 A Prof Raymond Lin Respiratory Tract Infections

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