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Week 3 cinematography
1. AS Film Studies
Unit FM1
Introduction to Micro Features:
Cinematography
2. Lesson Aims
By the end of the lesson you will be able to:
• Understand what cinematography is
• Deconstruct how cinematography is used in
film extract to communicate meaning
3. Definition: Cinematography
• The way in which the camera is used to communicate
meaning
• Composition of visual elements
• Communicates essential information to the audience
• Made up of shots (framing), angles and movements, lighting
can also be included
4. Framing the shot
• The “framing” of a shot simply indicates where the
cinematographer has placed the borders of an image.
• Framing, the overall composition of the shot, is the
placement of people and objects within the border of the
film frame.
• Composition greatly influences the audience’s experience
of a movie and allows the filmmaker to emphasize people
or objects that hold more importance than others.
6. Close Up (CU)
• The closer we get to a character,
the more sympathy we are likely to
feel. The longer we are held in
close proximity, the more
sympathy we feel
• The close up can also be used to
evoke fear or evulsion when the
audience is forced to be close
proximity to a characters already
established as a hated antagonist.
8. Extreme Close Up (ECU)
• An extreme close up
shows us objects and
people differently than
we see them.
• It calls attention to the
subjects, making them
more memorable visually
• If also separates the
scene form other scenes,
underscoring the
importance of the scene
dramatically
10. Two Shot
• A two shot is when two
characters are filmed in a
single shot – usually from
the mid-chest up.
• The two shot can show
harmony or disharmony
depending on the scene
• Whenever mother and
daughter are in the same
scene they most often
appear in a balanced two
shot to connote their
symbolic harmony
11. Two Shot
• The use of the
imbalanced two shot
shows the disharmony
between husband and
wife
• Ada looks away and her
husband looks at the
ground, it contrasts with
the harmonious shots of
Ada with her daughter
13. Over the Shoulder Shot
• Similar to the two shot,
characters share the
same space. The
difference is that one of
the two characters faces
us, the other doesn’t.
• The physical connection
can be used to convey
information about the
relationship. What is
conveyed is dependent on
staging and the storyline
15. Point of View
• The POV shot generally
leads sympathy to the
protagonist by allowing
us to see through the
characters eyes
• Conversely, it can instil
fear by forcing the same
intimacy upon us with the
antagonist
17. High Angle
• High angle shots make the
subject appear small and
vulnerable
• The high angle is used for
an unguarded moment
showing her vulnerability;
the over the shoulder show
her public persona, tough,
shrill and embittered
• What’s interesting is how
much sympathy the first
high angle lends to the
second shot
19. Low Angle
• Low angle make subjects
appear larger than life
• It transfers power to the
subject, making it appear to
dominate objects beneath it
• By merely shifting camera
angles, a director can
suggest not only the ups and
downs in a character's
fortune but also the attitude
an audience should adopt
toward any personality or
action in the film.
20. Pan
• A pan occurs when the
camera is seated on a tripod
and pivots to the left or the
right (can be handheld)
• In the process of moving
the camera new
information is revealed
21. Task #1
• Set up a Film Studies blog
• When requested to homework can be posted
here
• The following tasks can be done on the blog
once set up
• Please email your blog addresses to me
• rajib@welling.bexley.sch.uk
22. Task #2
• Find out what the descriptions are for the
following shot types and why they would be
used. Try to find examples of them and
include screen shots
• Medium Shot
• Long Shot
• Extreme long shot/ Establishing Shot
• Medium long shot
• Canted/ Dutch Tilt
23. Task #3
• Find out what the • Tilt up
descriptions are for the • Tilt down
following angles and • Tracking
movements and why
they would be used. Try • Dolly
to find examples of • Crane
them and include • Handheld
screen shots/ video • Aerial/ Birdseye
• Zoom