1. ANCIENT ART HISTORY: Survey of Western Art I, WEEK 3
Names and terms: Ren, cartouche, shwt, akh, ka, ankh, ab (ib), Anubis, Ammit, Ma’at, Osiris, khet,
canopic jars, natron, Opening of the Mouth, shwabty figures, mastaba, Step Pyramid (Saqqara),
Djoser (also spelled “Zoser”), Imhotep, Saqqara, Ben Ben Stone, necropolis, cenotaph, intentional
archaism, Sed Festival (Heb Sed/Jubilee), Great Pyramids at Giza (Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure),
sphinx (“Great Sphinx”/Giza), capstone, limestone casing blocks, solar barque, Valley of the Kings,
Howard Carter, scarab, Valley of the Queens, Nefertari, Ramesses II (Ramses, “The Great”), Deir al
Medina, Hierakonpolis, pylon, hypostyle hall, Edfu (Horus, Ptolomies), Abydos (Osiris), Luxor and
Karnak (Thebes), obelisk, sunken relief, Battle of Kadesh, Ramesseum, Abu Simbel, Nubians,
sanctuary (Ptah, Amun, Ramesses II, Ra), Aswan Dam, Lake Nasser, Temple of Nefertari (Hathor),
Hatshepsut, Senmut (Senenmut), Deir al Bahri (Deir el Bahari), Akhetaten (Amarna; Amarna
Period), the Aten
Possible essay questions:
----Who were Djoser and Imhotep? What were some of the important innovations at the Step
Pyramid complex at Saqqara?
--What was the political intent behind Ramesses II building a great temple at Abu Simbel, and what
was the astrological orientation of this temple? Discuss the attempt to preserve the temple in the
1960s.
Images from the book:
Step Pyramid, c.2650 BC
Great Pyramids and Sphinx (Giza)