1. Air Traffic Control
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2. Background
Continued increase in amount of air traffic
Due to increased economic activity among countries and
societies across the world
Increased concern about the safety of air transport due to
intensity of flights across the skies
Need for better and more effective air safety plans and
policies
To avoid fatal air traffic accidents
Need for cooperation and coordination among the different
air traffic systems and structures in different countries
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3. Emerging issues in air safety
Increasing sizes of aircraft
Escalating volume of air traffic
Need for development and continued research in all
aspects of air traffic
To incorporate all factors and relevant elements in the air
safety policy
Important aspects:
1. Improvement of aviation safety facilities
2. Systems for ensuring the safety of aircraft
3. Air traffic information systems
4. Modernization of aviation safety measures.
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4. Emerging issues in air traffic
control
Next Generation Air Transportation System – NextGen
system – aimed at improving air safety.
Main sources of air safety breaches/accidents
a. human error
b. mechanical faults
c. contravention of control instructions and aviation,
such as wrong indicator instructions.
d. pilot carelessness
e. basic operational errors
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5. Safety Management System
Organized and well-incorporated method used in
managing the safety of Air Traffic Control (ATC) and
navigation services in the NAS
Four categories: SRM, safety assurance, safety
promotion, and Safety Policy.
Purpose: ensuring a safer NAS.
Responsible in the provision of a common framework
to assess risks associated with changes to the NAS
addresses all elements of the air traffic control and
navigation services
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6. Elements of SMS
airspace changes
air traffic standards/procedures
airport procedures/standards
equipment (hardware and software)
human interactions
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7. Effective System applications
Should be convenient and dependable
Ensure safety and security of users
Focus on making air travel more convenient and
dependable
Continued improvements and upgrades to air space
control
Should be flexible to weather changes
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