Power point of lesson on atoms, isotopes and ions

1. Atoms

2. What is matter
• Anything that takes up space and has mass.

3. Vocabulary-
• Substance- matter with a composition that is
always the same
• Mixture-matter where the composition can vary
• Vary- to change or be able to change
• Composition-the way things are put together
• Element- a substance that is made of all of the
same type of atoms
• Compound- a substance made of all the same type
of molecules.
• Homogeneous- made of the same
• Heterogeneous- not made of the same

4. Matter
substanc
e mixtur
e
Composition Composition
is always the
SAME
can VARY
TRAIL
SALT
MIX

5. Substances
Matter with a composition that is
always the same.

6. SUBSTANCES
s=same
• A scoop of any substance will always have the
same stuff (type and quantity of atoms)
• Salt ( Na+CL)= 1 molecule of salt
• Sugar(C6+H12+O6)= 1 molecule of sugar
• Gold (Au)= many single atoms of gold = a chunk of gold
• These are ALL types of substances because they
are made from the same types or groups of
atoms.

7. Substances
• Elements- a substance made from millions of
the same atoms.
Or
• Compounds- substances made from the same
molecules
always the same-don’t change
▫ Sugar is a substance b/c it is made of the same stuff --- always
▫ Salt is a substance b/c it is made of the same stuff----always

8. Draw a model of what you think an
element and a compound might look
like

9. Salt is a substance that is made of 2
types of atoms. Is it a compound or
element?

10. b/c it is always made from the same
atoms of gold (Au)
• Why is gold considered a substance?
• Is it an element or compound?

11. Sugar is a substance that is made of 3
types of atoms. C6H12O6. Is it an element or
compound?

12. Water is a substance made of 2 types
of atoms
H2O
Is it an element or compound?

13. Neon is substance that glows in a
vacuum. It is made only of atoms of
neon. Is it an element or compound?

14. Matter review
• Matter can be:
▫ Mixture
▫ Substance
 Element- same atoms
 Compound-same molecules

15. matter
substance
mixture
elements compounds
All the same Made from the same
type of atoms molecules

16. What are two ways matter is
classified?
Substances and mixtures
What two ways are substances classified?
elements or compounds
What is the difference between an element and a
compound?
element is all of the same atoms
compound all of the same molecules

17. What’s the difference between a
molecule and an atom?
• Atom- the smallest particle that an element can
be broken down into. It is only made of one type
of element(the periodic table)
• Molecule- is made of 2 or more different types of
atoms. (water, salt, sugar)
build a molecule

18. Smallest to largest
• atoms – make elements
• 2 or more elements make molecules
• Molecules and elements make substances
• Substances make matter= cookies

19. Largest to smallest
• Cake
▫ Made of different substances (sugar, salt, water)
▫ These substances are made from molecules
 =H2O, C6H12O6, NaCl
▫ These molecules are made from elements
 Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, Sodium, chloride
▫ The elements are made from atoms

20. IMPORTANT NOTE
• Elements usually have different chemical
properties then when combined in a molecule.
• What is a chemical property?
• So Oxygen behaves differently alone then when
paired with hydrogen .
• Alone oxygen and hydrogen are very explosive.
• Together they are water.

21. What are the two types of
classification of matter?
• Substances and mixtures
Thinking back what are the 2 types of properties
that scientists use to describe matter?
▫ Physical and chemical properties
What are the two ways that scientist classify
changes in matter?
▫ Chemical and physical changes

22. Review
jeopardy

23. What is the difference between a
mixture and a substance?
• A substance is always made from the same
atoms or molecules
• A mixtures make up can vary.
• check this out

24. Mixtures
• Heterogeneous
the substances are not evenly mixed. 2 samples
of trail mix would give you different amounts of
things
• Homogeneous-
▫ The substance IS evenly mixed (the same
throughout)
▫ Substances are so small and evenly mixed you
cannot see the different parts even under most
microscopes.
 Air is homogeneous, soda is homogeneous,

25. Pg 229 homework
• Create a venn diagram to compare and contrast
• Compounds and mixtures.

26. Read pg 228-229
• Create your own definition of a mixture.
• Explain in your own words the two different
types of mixtures.

27. More definitions
• Solution- a homogeneous mixture made of two
parts- a solvent and one or more solutes
• Solvent- a substances that is present in the
largest amount
• Solute-dissolves or breaks apart and mixes
evenly in the solvent

28. Pg. 228 in text
• Explain why even though a solution is a
mixture, it is different from some mixtures?
Solutions look like pure substances, you can’t see
the different parts (sometimes not even under a
microscope)
Other mixtures you can easily see the different
parts.

29. Pg 229
• Look at the graphics at the bottom, read the
captions and paraphrase the difference between
solutions and compounds.

30. Atoms
What are they made from?
bill Nye

31. vocabulary
• Protons-positively charged particles in the nucleus
• Neutron- neutrally charged particles in the nucleus
• Electrons- negatively charged particles that float
around the nucleus.
• Nucleus- center of the atom. Most of the atoms mass is
in this space.
• Isotopes- one of two or more atoms of an element
having the same number of protons but a different
number of neutrons.
• Ions- an atom that has a charge because it as gained or
lost an electron
• Atomic number- the number of protons
• Atomic mass- mass of the atom =neutrons +
protons

32. Atoms can be broke down into smaller
parts; subatomic particles
• Electrons
• Neutron
• Protons
• Nucleus

33. Electrons- negatively charged -
• Fly around the nucleus.
• Electrons that are close to the nucleus are
strongly attracted to the nucleus and have less
energy.
• Electrons that are farther away from the nucleus
have more energy.
• Electrons move so fast that scientists can not
pinpoint their location at any specific time.

34. Protons- positively charged +
• Located in the nucleus
• # of protons = atomic number
• Stable atoms have the same amount of protons
and neutrons.

35. Neutrons- no charge
• Located in the nucleus
• No electrical charge- neutral
• Extra neutrons create isotopes

36. Brain pop
• brainpop

37. Label the diagram

38. hmm…
• What are the two particles in the nucleus of an
atom?
• What are the charges of those particles?
• What are the particles in the area surrounding
the atom called?
• What is the charge of that particle?
• What is the electron cloud?

39. Atomic number
• The atomic number is the amount of protons in
the nucleus of an atom.
• Look at the periodic table at the back of the
book:
▫ What is the atomic number for:
▫ oxygen O? how many protons does it have?
▫ Magnesium Mg ? How many protons does it have?
▫ Gold Au? How many protons does it have?

40. What kind of pattern do you notice
about the periodic table with respect
to the atomic numbers of the
elements?

41. Some atoms of the same element can
be slightly different.
• Isotopes- different number of NEUTRONS

42. Some atoms of the same element can
be different in a second way.
•Ions-uneven number of electrons and
protons.
▫ Usually happens during a chemical reaction where
an atom looses or gains an electron.

43. Atoms
• Ions- different # of electrons
• Isotopes- same type of element but different # of
neutrons

44. We have learned different ways to
classify matter.
• Physical /chemical properties
• Physical /chemical changes
• Substances /mixtures
Create a graphic organizer for each of these :
t-chart, venn diagram, flow chart… etc.