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2. CO-PROCESSED
Presented by- Under the guidance of
Mr. Bhaskar N. Bangar Dr. N. H. Aloorkar
EXCIPIENTS
M. Pharm. (Sem. I) (H.O.D. Pharmaceutics)
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3. Contents…………
Definition of excipients
Need of excipients
Ideal characteristics of excipients
Roles of excipients
Classification of excipients
Excipients used in solid dosage forms
Excipients used in liquid dosage forms
Excipients used in semi-solid dosage forms
Co-processed excipients
Co-processing methodology
Conclusion
References 3

4. What are Excipients?
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5. Need of Excipients
Direct clinical use of the active drug substances is rare
due to the number of reasons:
 API handling is difficult or impossible.
 Accurate drug dosing is difficult or impossible.
 API may cause local irritations or injury.
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6. Cont......
 API can have unpleasant organoleptic properties.
 API can be degraded at the site of administration.
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7. Ideal characteristics of excipients
 It should be non toxic.
 It should be physically and chemically stable.
 It should be commercially available.
 It should have pleasant organoleptic properties.
 Economic.
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8. Roles of excipients in different dosage forms
 Impart consistency and volume
 Improve stability
 Increase solubility
 Enhance bioavailability
 Increase patient compliance and acceptability
 Impart weight
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9. Classification of excipients
 Primary excipients : Diluents
Binders
Disintegrants
Lubricants
Antiadhesives
Glidents
 Secondary excipients : Flavoring agents
Sweetening agents
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10. Commonly used excipients in solid dosage
forms
 Diluents
 Binders
 Disintegrants
 Lubricants
 Antiadhesives
 Glidents
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11. Commonly used excipients in liquid dosage
forms
SUSPENSION EMULSION
Vehicle Vehicle
Flocculating agents Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial agents Antioxidants
Sweetening agents Flavoring agents
Suspending agents
Preservatives
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12. Commonly used excipients in semi-solid dosage
forms
Bases
Preservatives
Antioxidants
Chelating agents
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13. Co-Processed Excipients
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14. Manufacturing problems in solid
 Product weight variation.
 Content non uniformity during mixing.
 Loss of excipients.
dosage
forms
 Poor disintegration time of product.
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15. Particle Properties Achieving Excipient
Functionality
Particle property Achieving Excipient functionality
Particle size Flow ability, compressibility,
disintegration, dissolution rate.
Particle size distribution Segregation potential.
Particle shape Flow ability, content uniformity,
compressibility.
Particle porosity Compressibility, solubility.
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16. Co-processing methodology
Excipient selection on the basis of material characteristics
Selection of proportion of excipients
Homogenous dispersion or solution
Co-drying
Co-processed excipient
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17. Manufacturing of co-processed excipiets
e.g. Dicalcium phosphate (diluent) and magnesium stearate (lubricant)
Steps:
1. Solubalisation
2. Solvent evaporation
3. Drying
4. Sifting
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18. Properties of co-processed excipients
 Absence of chemical change
 Improved flow properties
 Improved compressibility
 Reduced lubricant sensitivity
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19. Advantages
 Provide a single excipient with multiple functionalities.
 Better mouth feel and improved palatibility.
 Removal of undesirable properties.
 Improvement of organoleptic properties.
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20. Evaluation parameters for co-processed excipients
 Particle size distribution-
The particle size distribution can be calculated by
statistical method.
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21. Cont......
 Carr’s index-
Carr’s index can be calculated by-
Carr’s index= Tapped Density-Bulk Density 100
Tapped Density ˟
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22. Cont......
 Hausner Ratio-
Hausner ratio can be calculated by-
Hausner Ratio= Tapped Density
Bulk Density
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24. REFERENCES
Aulton’s Pharmaceutics, the design and
manufacture of medicines, third edition by Michael E.
Aulton.
Page no: 298-301.
B. M. Mithal, A textbook of Pharmaceutical formulation,
vallabh prakashan. Page no. 57-120.
Remington- The science & practice of Pharmacy. Page
no. 896-910.
Ansel’s Pharmaceutical dosage form. Page no.198-
199, 240-242.
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com/coprocessed excipients
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