The document summarizes the ethnic diversity of the Punjab region. It notes that the Punjabi population is heterogeneous and can be subdivided into numerous ethnic groups called biradri. While the majority of Punjabis share genes with other northern Indian groups, the region has seen significant migrations that have influenced the local population. Punjabi culture is one of the oldest and richest in the world, and the region is religiously diverse and tolerant, with Punjabis following many faiths. The primary language is Punjabi, though English and other languages are also spoken. Cuisine from the Punjab has become very popular worldwide, as has the musical art form of Bhangra.

1. ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN PUNJAB
© Bilal Amjad
bilalamjad78633@yahoo.com

2. INTRODUCTION
• The Punjab region is diverse, due to its location near Central Asia.
• It has been prone to numerous migrations and the resulting settlers have left imprints
upon the local Punjabi population that remain present in the numerous sub-groups.
• The Punjabi people are a heterogeneous group and can be subdivided into a number of
ethnic clan groups in both the East and West Punjab called biradri (literally meaning a
tribe), each having their own subtle differences.

3. MAP OF PUNJAB

4. GENETICS
• The majority of Punjabi population share similar
genes with other northern Indian populations.

5. CULTURE
• Punjabi culture is the culture of the Punjab region.
• It is one of the oldest and richest cultures in world history, dating from ancient
antiquity to the modern era.

6. RELIGIONS IN PUNJAB
• Punjab is one of the most tolerant and diverse in terms of religion in
South Asia.
• Punjabis are diverse in their religious thoughts and many religious and
philosophical movements initiated here in the past.

7. LANGUAGE
• The main language of the Punjabi people is Punjabi.
• English is sometimes used, and people may also speak Hindi and older people who lived
in the undivided Punjab may be able to speak and write in Urdu.
• There is a significant Persian influence found in certain Punjabi dialects; this is more
pronounced in the Pakistani Punjab region, due to the region's proximity to the Iranian
plateau.
• The Punjabi languages have absorbed numerous loanwords from surrounding areas and
provinces (and from English).

8. CUISINE
• Punjabi cuisine has an immense range of dishes and has become world-
leader in the field; so much so that many entrepreneurs that have invested in
the sector have built large personal fortunes due to the popularity of Punjabi
cuisine throughout the world.

9. PUNJABI MUSIC AND DANCES
• Bhangra is one of the many Punjabi musical art forms that is increasingly being listened
to in the west and is making inroad in mainstream music scene.

10. That’s All
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