1. GENERAL PATHOLOGY DR NADEEM REYAZ UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

2. Where there is love of medicine, there is love of humankind

3. PATHOLOGY is the scientific study of disease or is the study of structural and functional abnormalities that are expressed as diseases of organ and system

13. POOR NUTRITION INFECTIOUS AGENT eg, Clostridia IMMUNE INJURY eg, Antibody and T cell mediated CHEMICAL AGENTS eg, salts, overwater, PHYSICAL AGENTS eg, fire, freezing, electricity, radiation

16. Here is the centrilobular portion of liver next to a central vein. The cells have reduced in size or been lost from hypoxia. The pale brown-yellow pigment is lipochrome that has accumulated as the atrophic and dying cells undergo autophagocytosis.

17. Atrophy; Cardiac Muscle

20. Hypertrophy of the muscles of a strength athlete

21. Hypertrophy of the Uterus

22. Hypertrophy of cardiac muscles

33. Mallory bodies (the red globular material) composed of cytoskeletal filaments in liver cells

34. The brown coarsely granular material in macrophages in this alveolus is hemosiderin

35. These renal tubules contain large amounts of hemosiderin, as demonstrated by the Prussian blue iron stain

36. Liver: Fatty change

38. Necrosis with inflammatory cells

39. Many nuclei have become pyknotic (shrunken and dark) and have then undergone karorrhexis (fragmentation) and karyolysis (dissolution). The cytoplasm and cell borders are not recognizable.

48. Kidney: Coagulative necrosis

54. The two lung abscesses seen here are examples of liquefactive necrosis in which there is a liquid center in an area of tissue injury. One abscess appears in the upper lobe and one in the lower lobe. Liquefactive necrosis is typical of organs in which the tissues have a lot of lipid (such as brain) or when there is an abscess with lots of acute inflammatory cells whose release of proteolytic enzymes destroys the surrounding tissues.

55. Lung Abscess: Microscopic appearance (Liquefactive Necrosis)

62. Caseous necrosis with granulomatous inflammation

63. Caseous necrosis with Giant cells

74. “Dry Gangrene”

76. "wet gangrene in patient with Diabetes millitus”

82. This is dystrophic calcification in the wall of the stomach. At the far left is an artery with calcification in its wall

83. “ Metastatic calcification" in the lung of a patient with a very high serum calcium level (hypercalcemia).