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AdvancedExposure1
- 2. Goal: Help you understand what decisions and adjustments are being made by your camera, and how you can take control of your images. Please interrupt if you have questions or anything isn’t clear.
- 3. Exposure Exposure is how light or dark the image is as captured by the camera.
- 4. Exposure Controlled by three things, working in conjunction Aperture, shutter speed, ISO
- 5. Aperture Aperture is the opening in the lens that lets light into the camera
- 6. Aperture Aperture is measured in f stops f/1.4, f/2.0, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22
- 7. Aperture
- 8. Aperture Depth of field (DOF) = range of how far in front and behind the subject you focused on will be acceptably sharp
- 9. Aperture Depth of field is controlled by your aperture setting Larger opening (small f stop number) = little DOF Smaller opening (large f stop number) = more DOF
- 10. Shutter Speed Shutter speed is how long you are letting light enter the camera
- 11. Shutter Speed Some common shutter speeds 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000 (extends on both ends) Small numbers leave the shutter open for a longer time (slow) Large numbers leave the shutter open for a shorter time (fast)
- 12. Shutter Speed Need to use a shutter speed fast enough to stop the action of your subject, and you The longer the lens focal length, the faster speed you need to hold the camera still and stop the action
- 13. Shutter Speed Rule of thumb: use a shutter speed at least the inverse of your lens focal length Eg. with a 50 mm lens, use a shutter speed of 1/60 or faster to hand hold the camera Wide angle lenses can be hand held with much slower speeds
- 14. Shutter Speed Bulb = Shutter stays open while button held Bulb and slow speeds require a tripod or similar support
- 15. ISO The ISO is the sensitivity of your sensor or film. 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200
- 16. Equivalent Exposure You can adjust any two (ISO, Shutter Speed, Aperture) and still keep the same exposure. Eg. ISO 100, f/8, 1/500 = ISO 100, f11, 1/250
- 17. Before next week... Take your camera out and shoot some pictures in manual mode, using the ISO, shutter speed, and aperture settings. Bring in a couple of your favorites and we will view them and discuss.
Notas del editor
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- How many people have SLR type cameras or cameras with manual control?\nHow many people shoot with their camera in the Auto mode?\nTry these things on your camera as we go along.\n
- You need x amount of light to take properly exposed picture, you can decide how to get it\nToo bright = overexposed\nToo dark = underexposed\nViewfinder, light meter.\n
- Changing any of these three things will adjust your exposure.\nThese fundamentals have been around as long as photography.\nThe meter in your camera will show if the picture is underexposed/overexposed.\n
- What does a larger opening do? Lets in more light\nWhat does a smaller opening do? Lets in less light\nIt’s like a pipe letting in water, the bigger the pipe, the more water that gets through.\n
- The confusing numbering... which do you think lets in more light?\nSmaller f stop number = bigger opening (more light)\nLarger f stop number = smaller opening (less light)\nThe amount of light doubles with every f stop.\n\n
- Pass around lens.\n
- More will be sharp behind than in front of what you focus on, 1/3 vs. 2/3.\nCreativity you can’t get in Auto mode...\nWhat is something that you would want a lot of DOF for? (landscapes)\nWhy would you want shallow DOF? (portraits, or to isolate any subject)\n
- Summary of aperture\nLenses with a very large maximum aperture are called “fast” lenses (allow for faster shutter speeds due to letting in more light.)\nDistance to subject - The farther away, the more DOF.\nSmall sensor cameras have more DOF than large sensor cameras.\nLenses are not the same sharpness at all apertures, they have a “sweet spot”.\n
- Usually measured in fraction of a second.\nShutter speed of 125 = 1/125 of a second.\nIt’s like a faucet, the longer the time you leave it open, the more water that gets through.\n\n
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- Hand holding techniques\n
- Higher ISO numbers are more light sensitive, absorb more light. (Don’t usually change within condition)\nThe higher the ISO, the more image noise (grain) you will get (worse in shadow areas.)\nUse the lowest ISO you can, but still get the aperture and shutter speed you need.\nUse low ISO outdoors during the day, higher ISO indoors/low light.\n\n
- Now we put the pieces to the puzzle together.\nIf you cut the shutter speed in half, then twice as large of an aperture would let in the same amount of light.\nYou can fine-tune your images for more/less depth of field, faster speed to stop action, etc.\n
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