1. PhD project: Spatial Expansion of the Oil Amazon Frontier and Environmental Conflicts in Ecuador Università degli Studi di Padova PhD Student: Eugenio Pappalardo Supervisor: Dr. Massimo de Marchi Dipartimento di Geografia “G. Morandini” Dottorato in Geografia Umana e Geografia Fisica Laboratorio Geografia Applicata contacts: [email_address] Skype: biorebel FB: biorebel pagina dottorandi: www.geogr.unipd.it

2. Comunidad Salango – Puerto Lopez (Manabi) Radio Comunitaria progetto di cooperazione internazionale

3. Comunidad Salango – Puerto Lopez (Manabi)

4. Progetto di cooperazione: rete wifi a basso costo

6. The environmental issue WHAT?!?

11. http://www.unep-wcmc.org / http:// www.feow.org/biodiversitymaps.php

13. ECOSYSTEMS – PRODUCTION SYSTEMS – ECONOMICAL SYSTEMS ECOSYSTEMS (Tiezzi, 2005) PRODUCTION SYSTEM natural resources ECONOMIC SYSTEM goods and services capital pollution ecological crisis energetic crisis economic crisis

14. An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and the nonliving environment, interacting as a functional unit. Ecosystems Humans are an integral part of ecosystems. ECOSYSTEM APPROCH CBD (UNCED, Rio de Janeiro, 1992) COP, SBSTTA (Montreal, 2000)

17. Climate change (IPCC, 2007)

18. ANTROPOCENE (Krutzen, 2005) (IPCC, 2007)

20. (IPCC, 2009)

21. (IPCC, 2007)

22. (UNEP, 2010)

23. Le attività antropiche stanno alterando la copertura del suolo a tassi e scale senza precedenti nella storia umana, competendo in magnitudo solamente con le transizioni glaciali/interglaciali (NAS, 2000)

26. Land Cover/Land Use change (LCLUC)

27. Land Cover/Land Use change (LCLUC) FISHBONE deforestation pattern

28. Land Cover/Land Use change (LCLUC) Google Earth

31. Analisi quantitativa “Via Occidental Petroleum” Area Campione: 140 Km 2 : (Pappalardo, Tesi di laurea 2009) 6 44 Totale infrastrutture petrolifere 30 ha 110 ha Superficie strutture petrolifere 60 ha 162 ha Superficie deforestata 38 metri 38 metri Larghezza massima 13 metri 10 metri Larghezza minima 21 metri 23 metri Larghezza media del tracciato stradale 14.4 Km 36.9 Km Lunghezza tracciato stradale Buffer zone RBY Area campione

32. Analisi quantitativa “Via Occidental Petroleum” – Area campione 140 km 2 Individuazione delle vasche di raccolta dei reflui dell’industria petrolifera San Carlos, attività di campo 12/01/2008 QuickBird MS Channel 08/05/2003 (Pappalardo, Tesi di laurea 2009) 7 27 Vasche di raccolta Buffer Zone RBY Area campione

33. (Dayuma, attività di campo, 2006)

34. Ecosystems services ecosystems are not just a passive support, they are active agents that permanently play crucial roles in functions and services Ecosystem Services: the benefits people obtain from ecosystems Ecosystem services are the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. They maintain biodiversity and the production of ecosystem goods, such as seafood, forage timber, biomass fuels, natural fiber, and many pharmaceuticals, industrial products, and their precursors (MA, 2005). G. Marsh 1864: Man and Nature Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005

35. Ecosystems services E.S. include provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that directly affect people and supporting services needed to maintain the other services. E.S. is a multiscale concept: from local scale to the global one E.S. include both natural and human-modified ecosystems as sources of ecosystem services (i.e. agrosystems). E.S. encompass both the tangible and the intangible benefits humans obtain from ecosystems, which are sometimes separated into “goods” and “services” respectively. (MA, 2005)

36. Ecosystems services supporting services services necessary for the production of all the ecosystem services soil formation nutrient cycling primary production They differ from provisioning, regulating, and cultural services in that their impacts on people are either indirect or occur over a very long time, whereas changes in the other categories have relatively direct and short-term impacts on people.

38. Ecosystems services

41. Ecosystems services: stime, misure e valutazioni economiche InVEST: Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Developed by: Nature Conservancy – WWF – Stanford University a family of tools to map and value the goods and services from nature which are essential for sustaining and fulfilling human life. It currently runs in ArcGIS 9.3 (service packs 1 or 2) and ArcGIS 10 (service pack 1) with the Spatial Analyst extension installed and activated. http://invest.ecoinformatics.org/ http:// www.naturalcapitalproject.org /

42. Ecosystems services: stime, misure e valutazioni economiche

45. GIScience – linking people, places, policy GI Science: the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems (GIS). Examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS. GIScience re-examines some of the most fundamental themes in traditional spatially-oriented fields such as geography, cartography, and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. GI Science also overlaps with and draws from more specialized research fields such as computer science, statistics, mathematics, and psychology, political science and anthropology 2 components: scientific thery – information system Data spatially explicit?

46. GIScience – linking people, places, policy GISc approach: assess the complex interactions among people, place and policy Human – Environment interactions Emphasis on LCLU dynamics Not multi disciplinary approach but inter disciplinary geography, sociology, biostatistic, biology, geology, anthropology, envirnomental science, economy…

48. Global Positioning System (GPS) Come fa il ricevitore a calcolare la distanza?

55. Mercato indigeno, barbecue di gusanos (El Coca, settembre 2010) Grazie per l’attenzione!