Prakop niyantran

k|sf]k
b}jL = cs:dft, crfgs
k|sf]k = w]/} b'Mv
!_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ P]g @)#( -bf];|f] ;+;f]wg, @)$( ;lxt_
cg';f/–æb}jL k|sf]k eGgfn]
e"sDk, cfunfuL, cf+lwj]/L, af9L, klx/f], cltj[li6, clgsfn, d
xfdf/L tyf o:t} cGo k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 / ;f]
zAbn] cf}Bf]uLs b'3{6gf, ljikmf]6s jf ljiffQm kbfy{åf/f
x'g] b'3{6gf tyf o:t} s'g} klg k|sf/sf] k|sf]knfO{ ;d]t
hgfpg]5 .Æ
@_ cGt/f{li6«o /]8qm; tyf /]8 lqm;]06 ;f];fO6Lsf cg';f/–
æb}jL k|sf]k eg]sf] o:tf] ljklQk"0f{ kl/l:ytL xf], h'g
kl/l:ytLdf w]/}h;f] hghLjg cs:dft c:t–Jo:t x'g k'U5 . o:tf]
kl/l:ytLdf dflg;x?n] w]/} b'Mv kfp+5g / o;sf] kl/0ffd
:j?k ;'/Iff, vfgf, n'ufkmf6f], cfjf;, cf}ifwL pkrf/ tyf
;fdflhs ;]jf h:tf dfG5]nfO{ hLjgdf geO{ gx'g] cGo
cfjZostfx?sf] k"lt{ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 .Æ
o; kl/efiffsf cg';f/ M–
s_ b}jL k|sf]k eg]sf] ljklQk"0f{ kl/l:ytL xf] .
v_ b}jL k|sf]ksf] ;dodf hg–hLjg cs:dft c:t Jo:t x'g k'U5 .
u_ b}jL k|sf]ksf] sf/0faf6 dflg;x?n] b'Mv kfp+5g .

k|sf]ksf k|sf/x?
sf/0fsf cfwf/df
(I) k|fs[lts k|sf]k (II) dfgj lgld{t
k|sf]k
ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df k|sf]k
(I) ;':t/L pTyfg x'g] k|sf]k (II) tLa| pTyfg
x'g] k|sf]k M–

-s_ ef}uf]lns k|sf]k – e'O{rfnf], Hjfnfd'vL
-v_ hn pTkGg k|sf]k –
af9L÷klx/f], s6fg÷8'jfg, lxdkft, c;Lgf, lxdtfn
ljikmf]6==
-u_ hnjfo'hGo k|sf]k – x'/Latf;, ;d'b|L
cfFwL, r6ofË, lztnx/ tftf] xfjf -n'_
-3_ h}ljs k|sf]k – aGohGt'
cfqmd0f, dxfdf/L, ls/fsf] cfqmd0f

k|sf]ksf
sf/0fx?
@= dfgjLo sf/0f
!= k|fs[lts sf/0f M
M
– clzIff – ul/jL
s_ ef}uf]lns
– hg;+Vof a[l4
sf/0f – ca}1flgs e"–
v_ ef}ule{s pkof]u
sf/0f – jg ljgfz tyf
u_ dg;'gL vf]l/of v]tL –
sf/0f clgof]lht lgdf{0f
3_ – cf}Bf]lus ljsf;
jfo'd08nLo – s[lqd afFw

Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal

Source:Munich re, 2001

hf]lvd

Total Events: 3383

Magnitudes
M = 5
M = 6
M = 7
M = 8

cfunflusf] k|sf]k / o;sf]
;Defjgf

t/fO{sf hf]l8Psf
DofËn'ªdf cfunflu

cfunflu
tfkq
md

cfunf
lu
O{G clS;h
wg g

Death by Natural Disasters (1971-2003)

Total death: 24,523

uO/xg] sf/0f
ef}ule{s
l:ylt
e" w/ftn
hgrf;f]sf]
cefj
ag ljgf;

k|sf]kaf6 x'g] c;/x?
 hg wgsf] Iflt
 cTofjZos ;]jfx?df cj/f]w
 k"jf{wf/x?sf] Iflt
 ;/sf/L ;+/rgf k|0ffnLdf
cj/f]w
 /fli6«o cly{s Iflt
 ;fdflhs c;/
 dgf]j}1flgs c;/

Intensity/Impact of Disaster in Nepal
Year Dead Injured Missing Affected Houses Est. loss
families destroyed (in million US$)

2005 204 30 31 2088 1102 3.8
2004 192 11 220 16997 4818 4.6
2003 310 58 160 11730 6819 13.4

2002 461 21 287 40486 19836 7.1

2001 418 45 134 16054 6260 7.3

Tot 1585 165 832 87355 38835 36.2
al

>f]t u[x

Direct Losses due to Earthquakes (1970-2003 )

Item Number Value of direct losses (NR)

Total number of events 22
Death 876
Injury 6,840
Affected 4,539
Buildings Damaged 33,706 8,200,838,000
Buildings Destroyed 55,234 1,309,606,450
Livestock death 2,215 11,075,000
Total loss at present value (NR) 9,566,605,507
Average loss per year due to earthquake 289,897,136

Disaster Losses in Nepal during 1971 – 2006 (37 Years)

Reported Direct
S. Peoples Buildings Buildings Land Loss Livestock
Events Death Injury Loss (Million
No. Affected destroyed damaged (Ha) Death
NRs)

1 DROUGHT 1 - 1,512 - - 329,332 - 10

2 EARTHQUAKE 873 6,842 4,539 33,710 63 - 2,257 22.8337+50

3 EPIDEMIC 15,529 37,773 323,896 - - 1 78 0

4 FIRE 1,081 735 218,128 62,634 2,762 352 113,922 6,244

5 FLOOD 2,864 349 3,315,781 70,115 1,041 196,955 31,117 3,713

6 FOREST FIRE 24 13 10,178 1,698 18 3,173 82 1,031

7 LANDSLIDE 3,899 1,188 480,069 16,779 1,209 21,797 9,046 835

8 OTHER 2,385 2,670 360,725 3,917 388 290,323 79,935 2,030

TOTAL 26,656 49,570 4,715,828 188,875 5,482 841,954 236,459 13,885

The most Ten Hazards in Nepal
Ten Most Lethal Hazards in Nepal (1971 - 2005)
16000
Number of Deaths
14000

12000
Number of Deaths

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

STRUCT.COLLAPSE
THUNDERSTORM

BOAT CAPSIZE
EARTHQUAKE

AVALANCHE
COLD WAVE
LANDSLIDE
EPIDEMIC

FLOOD

FIRE

Events

Hazard -vt/f_
vt/f To:tf] crfgs tyf clt afXo -
r/d ;Ldf k|fKt_ dfgjhGo tyf
k|s[lthGo 36gf xf] h;sf] lj:tf/
tyf km}nfjn] dfghLjg, ;DklQ tyf
b}lgs hgjLjgdf k|lts'n c;/ kf/L
k|sf]k sf/s tTj aGb5 .
vt/f eGgfn] eljiodf cfpg ;Sg]
;fx|f] ufx|f] / k|sf]ksf] 36gf
36g' eGbf cufl8sf] cj:yf xf] .
o:tf 36gfx?sf] km}nfj6n]
eljiodf ;fgf] jf 7"nf] k|sf]k x'g

Vulnerability -;+s6fled'v_
;+s6fled'v eGgfn] ;fdflhs
;+/rgf, ef}lts ljsf;sf
k"jf{wf/x?, ;]jf ;'ljwfsf ;fwgx? jf
ef}uf]lns If]qdf s'g} cfslids 36gfsf
sf/0f x'g ;Sg] cg'dflgt IftL jf
ljgf;sf] dfqfnfO{ a'lemG5 . h'g
lglZrt vt/fsf] c;/, j:t'sf] lgdf{0f
k|s[lt vt/fo'Qm If]q / k|sf]k u|:t
If]qsf] lgs6tfn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
;+s6fled'v eGgfn] s'g} klg vt/fk"0f{

Risk -hf]lvd_
crfgs jf cfslids ?kdf k|fs[lts
jf dfgjhGo sf/0faf6 s'g} 36gf
36bf h'g Iflt ;dfhdf x'G5
To;nfO{ hf]lvd elgG5 . af9Ln]
dflg; aufpg' 3/ hUuf hdLg kz'
Iflt x'g' hf]lvd xf] . hf]lvdnfO{
vt/f / ;+s6fled'vtfn] lgwf{/0f
ub{5 . hlt a9L b'O{ zlQmsf] d]n
x'G5 Toltg} dfqf hf]lvd a95 .

Resources ->f]tx?_
;d'bfodf /x]sf k|fs[lts jf
dfgjlgld{t hltklg ;fj{hlgs
k|of]usf j:t', ;]jf, ;fdu|L, ;DkQL
5g ltgLx?nfO{ >f]t elgG5 . h:t},
ljBfno, rp/, wf/f, kf6L, kf}jf,
;fj{hlgs ejg, xf6ahf/ :yn, h+un
lah'nL 6]nLkmf]g cfbL . log}
>f]tx?sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{
;lsof] eg] k|sf]k ;+u ;fdgf ug{

Capacity -Ifdtf_
;d'bfodf /x]sf] cfly{s
;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts, k|fljlw
s x}l;ot g} Ifdtf xf] . olb of] pRr 5
eg] k|sf]k ;+u ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf
x'G5 5}g eg] k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu
ljleGg ;/sf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ;+u ;dGJo u/L Ifdtf
clea[l4 ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . ;d'bfodf
ePsf dfgljo -bIf / k|fljlws_
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[tLs -
k/Dk/fut_ Ifdtfx?sf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{kb{5 .
cGTodf hf]lvdnfO{ o;/L b]vfpg ;lsG5

k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg rqm
k"j{ ;"rgf

k"j{ tof/L
k|sf]k

Go"lgs/0f p2f/

/f]syfd /fxt

k'g:yf{kg
k'glg{df{0f

g]kfnsf] ljBdfg b}jL k|sf]k
Joj:yfkgsf] cj:yf
-;+/rgf, gLlt, ljlw Pj+
dfkb08_
! b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;DaGwL sfddf
;+nUg lgsfox?M
u[x dGqfno, b}jL k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
ljefu
If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
g]kfn k|x/L g]kfnL ;]gf
/]8qm; :sfp6

@= b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;DaGwL
Joj:yfkgsf=====
;/sf/L ;+/rgf
-b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ P]g @)#(
cg';f/_

Joj:yfkgsf=====
s]lGb|o b}jL k|sf]k;lrj /fli6«o of]hgf
!= u[x dGqL !@=
p4f/ ;ldlt
cWoIf cfof]u ;b:o
@= cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf !#= pk/yL g]kfnL ;]gf
dGqfno ;b:o Æ
#= :jf:Yo dGqL !$=k|x/L dxflg/LIfs
Æ Æ
$= ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno !%= k|ltlglw ;dfh
Æ sNof0f kl/ifb Æ
%= ;lrj /Iff dGqfno !^= k|ltlglw g]kfn
Æ /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L Æ
^= ;lrj k//fi6« dGqfno !&= k|ltlglw g]kfn
Æ :sfp6 Æ
&=;lrj u[x dGqfno !*=dxflgb]{zs vfgL tyf
Æ e'ue{ ljefu Æ
*= ;lrj hn>f]t dGqfno !(= dxflgb]{zs df};d
Æ tyf

s]lGb|o b}jL k|sf]k p4f/
;ldltsf sfo{x?M–
-s_ ;+s6u|:t If]q 3f]if0ff ug{
l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-v_ ;/sf/ / cGo lgsfoaf6 k|fKt
/fxt Pj+ p4f/ ;fdfu|L ;+sng tyf
;+s6 u|:t If]qdf k7fpg] .
-u_ k|sf]k ;DaGwdf ljleGg
;+:yfx?nfO{ kl/rflnt Pj+ ;dGjo

If]qLo b}jL k|sf]k
!=If]qLo k|zf;s,p4f/ ;ldlt sfof{no
If]qLo k|zf;g
cWoIf
@= g]kfnL ;]gfsf aflxgL klt
;b:o
#= If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nosf] k|d'v
Æ
$=z;:q k|x/L If]qLo sfof{nosf] k|d'v
Æ
%= If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnosf] k|d'v
Æ
^= If]qLo ;8s lgb]{zgfnosf] k|d'v
Æ
&= If]qLo l;+rfO{ lgb]{zgfnosf] k|d'v
Æ

lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/
;ldltM
!= ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
cWoIf
@=/fhg}lts bnsf lhNnf :t/Lo k|ltlglwx?
;b:o
#= g]kfnL ;]gf :yfgLo OsfOsf k|d'v
Æ
$= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v
Æ
%=lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no k|d'v
Æ
^= OlGhlgo/, lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no
Æ
&= OlGhlgo/, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8eLhg
Æ
*= k|ltlglw, g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L, lhNnf zfvf
Æ
(= k|d'v, l;rfO{ sfof{no

k|d'v sfo{x? tyf k|sf]k
–Joj:yfkgdf gLltut Joj:yf
:yfgLo ;ldlt jLr ;dGjo sfod u/fpg],
– k|sf]k p4f/ ;DalGw sfo{ ug]{, of]hgf agfpg],
– :yfgLo ;ldltx?af6 ePsf sfd sf/jfxLsf] /]vb]v ug]{ .
b}jL k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdf gLltut Joj:yf M–
– xfd|f] b]z ljZjdf e"sDksf] lx;fan] !! cf}+ / af9L klx/f]sf] lx;fan]
#) cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 .
– ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L lgsfo jLr ;dGjo u/L sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt
lnOPsf] 5 .
– /0fgLltx?M– -sfo{of]hgf_
-s_ k|sf]k k|efljt If]qdf p4f/ ;xfotf ug'{,
-v_ hgwgsf] ;+/If0f u/L Iflt Go"g ug'{,
-u_ kLl8tsf] k'gjf{;sf] Joj:yf ug'{,
-3_ k|sf]k lgoGq0f ug'{, ;xfotf h'6fpg' / ;DalGwt If]qdf ljt/0f
ug'{,
-ª_ hg r]tgf clea[l4 u/fpg',
-r_ k'g:yf{kgf / k'glgdf{0f ;|f]t h'6fpg',
-5_ tNnf] tx;Dd k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf], tflndsf] Joj:yf ug'{,
-h_ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg Ifdtf a[l4 ug'{,
-em_ ;d"x lgdf{0f u/L /fxtsf] sfo{df ;xof]u ug'{,
-`_ ;Da4 lgsfo ;+u ;dGjo ug'{,
-6_ Ifltsf] cf+sng, ;+sng u/ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgf k|jfx ug'{,

p4f/ tyf /fxt ljt/0f
– dfkb08 M
k|sf]kdf k/L d[To" x'g]nfO{ k|lt d[ts ?=@%,))).–-
klRr; xhf/ _
– k|sf]kaf6 3/ gi6 ePsf, vfBfGg jfnL tyf hUuf hdLg
;d]t gf]S;fg eO{ tTsfn u'hf/fsf nflu vfBfGg
;d]t gePsf] jf b'j} cj:yfsf kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{
tTsfn cfjZos Joj:yfsf nflu ?=%))).– ;Dd k|lt
kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] .
– k|sf]kaf6 3/ k"0f{ gi6 ePsf jf k"0f{ gi6 gePklg
;+efljt vt/faf6 hf]ulg cGoq ;g'{kg]{ cj:yfdf
?=!)))).– ;Dd k|lt kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
– ljz]if kl/l:ytL k/]df lhNnfsf] cg'/f]wdf s]Gb|af6
?=!%))).– ;Dd k|lt kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fOg] .
– k|sf]kdf k/L 3fOg] ePsfx?nfO{ lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k
p4f/ ;ldlt dfkm{t ;/sf/L c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fpFbf
nfu]sf] vr{ e'QmfgL ul/lbg] / 3/ hfg cfly{s ;xof]u
:j?k JolQm ?= !))).– lbg] .
– k|sf]k kLl8tx?nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glgdf{0f sf]
nflu krlnt gLlt adf]lhd jg dGqfno cGtu{t
tf]lsPsf] lgosfn] ;x'lnot b/df sf7 pknAw u/fpg] .

xof]uf] sfo{of]hgf– - ;g @))%–
@)!% _ ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf
!= /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf cg';f/
cfwf/df k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{ ;~rfng ePsf]
;'lglZrt ug]{ .
– ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu /fli6«o 9fFrf, ;+:yfut 9fFrf
tyf sfg"gL vfsf, ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg / ;fd'bflos
;xeflutfnfO{ z;Qm agfpg] .
@= k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd klxrfg, d'Nofs+g / cg'udg ug]{ tyf
k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
– :yfgLo, If]qLo / /fli6«o txsf] hf]lvd
klxrfg, d"Nofs+g / cg'udg ug]{, k"j{r]tfjgL
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ / ;Defljt hf]lvdsf] ;fdgf ug{
;Sg] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .
#= 1fg, vf]h / lzIffsf] pkof]u u/]/ ;a} txdf ;'/IffTds
;+:s[tL / k|sf]k ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .
– :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf ;"rgf Joj:yfkg tyf cfbfg–
k|bfg, lzIff tyf tflnd / cg';Gwfg;lxt hgr]tgf clea[l4
u/]/ ;a} txdf ;'/IffTds ;+:s[tLsf] ljsf; tyf k|sf]k–;fdgf

%=;a} txdf k|sf]ksf] k|efjsf/L k|ltsf/sf nflu z;Qm
k"j{tof/L ug]{ .
– k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu If]qLo, /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df
;DalGwt k|ljlw, tflnd Pjd dfgj tyf ef}lts ;+;f]wg ljsf;
u/L gLltut, k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtf z;Qm agfpg] .
– k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f k|of; k|efjsf/L agfpg]
p2]Zon] k"j{r]tfjgL, hf]lvd Go"gs/0f, k|sf]k–;fdgf /
ljsf;sf If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;j} txsf ;+:yf / lgsfoaLrsf]
5nkmn, ;"rgf cfbg–k|bfg / ;dGjodf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] Pjd
clea[l4 ug]{ .
– /fi6«sf] k|sf]k–;fdgf ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ k|sf]kn] pl5Gg]
cj:yfdf klg To;sf] k|efjsf/L ;Daf]wg ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{
tof/Lsf nflu If]qLo:t/df ;dGjofTds kxnsf] ljsf; Pjd
;'b[9Ls/0f, If]qLo gLltlgdf{0f jf ;'wf/ u/]/
sfo{;+oGq, of]hgf tyf ;"rgfk|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– k|sf]ksf] clthf]lvdsf If]q / ;d"xnfO{ b[i6Lut u/L ;a} txdf
k'j{tof/L jf k"g/fjnf]sg / ;do;fk]If kl/dfh{g u/L pko'Qm
of]hgf tyf gLlt agfpg] . k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf tLj| / k|efjsf/L
;Daf]wg ePsf] tyf :yfgLo cfjZostf cg'?k plrt 9+un] vfB tyf

k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L
s'g} ;Defljt 36gfaf6 ;d'bfodf x'g ;Sg]
IfltnfO{ sd u/fpg jf hf]ufpg, cfkt ljkt
kl/ cfPsf] v08df 36gfdf k/]sfx?nfO[
p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{ ;/n / ;j}sf] kx'Fr x'g]
agfpg, ;d'bfosf] >f]t ;+/If0f, bIftf
clej[l4 / k|sf]k ;fdgf Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L
tof/Lsf ;fy /xg' g} k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L xf] .
k"j{tof/L lsg cfjZos 5 <
tTsfn k|efjsf/L p4f/ /fxt sfo{ kl/rfng
u/fpg .
k|sf]ksf] nuQ} >f]t ;fwgsf] ;'kl/rfng .

The National Strategy for Disaster Risk
Management in Nepal (NSDRMN)
Priority Action 1: Ensure that disaster risk
reduction is a national and local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation
Priority Action 2: Identify, assess and monitor
disaster risks and enhance early warning
Priority Action 3: Better knowledge management
for building a culture of safety
Priority Action 4: Reducing the underlying risk
factors
Priority Action 5: Enhance preparedness for
effective response

k|sf]k k"j{
tof/L=====
k"j{tof/L slxn] ug]{ < k|sf]ksf] k"j{tof/L
t'?Gt÷tTsfn of]hgf
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf r]tfjgL k|0ffnL÷k"j{
cfhaf6 . ;'rgf k|0ffnL
;+efljt k|sf]k x'g' :yfgfGt/0f of]hgf
cufj} . p4f/ tyf /fxt
k"j{tof/Lsf] k|lqmof Joj:yfkg of]hgf
cj:yfsf] cWoog / ;dofjlws cEof;
ljZn]if0f >f]t Joj:yfkg of]hgf
tYofÍ tyf ;'rgf ;';+of]hg
k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ljleGg txdf ;+:yfut
vt/f hf]lvd ljsf;
;+s6fled'vtf klxrfg r]tgf tyf tT;DaGwL
vt/f hf]lvd jsfnt

Go"lgs/0f
k|sf]k jf To;sf] c;/ sd ug]{ tl/sf jf
sfo{ljlwnfO{ Go"lgs/0f elgG5 . IftL
Go"lgs/0f dfgljo k|of;af6 ;+/rgfTds sfo{
åf/f tyf ;/sf/L gLlt kl/jt{g u/]/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
IftL Go"lgs/0f b'O{ k|sf/af6 ug{ ;lsG5 .
-s_ ;+/rgfTds sfo{ jf ;fd'bflos k|of;åf/f
-v_ ;/sf/L gLlt kl/jt{g u/]/, gofF gLlt nfu' u/]/
/ ePsf gLltlgod nfu' u/]/
Go"lgs/0fsf] k|lqmof
vt/f, hf]lvd ;+s6fled'v klxrfg n]vfhf]vf /
gS;fÍg
/f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf] canDag
k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds lgdf{0f k|lalwsf]
;b'kof]u
;r]tgf tyf tT;DalGw jsfnt

Go"lgs/0fsf
pbfx/0fx?
r]s 8ofdsf] lgdf{0f tyf a[Iff/f]k0f
k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds ejg lgdf{0f
aflngfnLsf] a}slNks Joj:yf ug'{
;/sf/L P]g lgod÷ljlgod nfu' ug'{
e"–pkof]u of]hgf
lgdf{0f cfrf/ ;+lxtf÷lgb]{lzsf

k|sf]k
Go"lgs/0fsf
 k|sf]k jf/] hgr]tgf clea[l4 .
 jftfj/0fLo pkfox?
k|efj cWoog u/L k|efj
Go"lgs/0f pkfo ;lxt k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f .
 e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng .
 ag tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f .
 vf]l/of km8fgL tyf le/fnf] hldgdf
v]lt ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] lgoGq0f .
 r'/] lzjflns If]qsf] ;+/If0f cfjlws
of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg] .
 lhNnf b]lv :yfgLo:t/;Ddsf] k|sf]k k"j{
tof/L ;~hfn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng .

k'g:yf{kgf÷k'glgdf{0
f
dfgljo k|of; x'Fbfx'Fb} klg k|sf]ksf]
36gf lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsb}+g . t;y{
7"nf k|sf]ksf 36gfsf sf/0f dfgj ;d'bfo
lj:yflkt x'g ;Sb5 o;/L lj:yflkt ePsf
kl/jf/sf] plrt :yfg x]/L tTsfn c:yfoL
a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf
elgG5 .
cfktsflng l:ylt ;fdfGo gx'Fbf ;Ddsf]
;+qmd0fsflng cj:yfdf k|sf]ksf] sf/0f
lj:yflktx?nfO{ c:yfoL a;f]af; u/fpg]
sfo{ k'g:yf{kgf xf] .
k'gM klxn]s} cj:yfdf lj:yflktx?nfO{
Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k'glgdf{0f

k'g:yf{kgf÷k'glgdf{0f o; sfo{df s]–s]
lsg ul/G5 < ul/G5 <
;+s6fled'v If]qaf6
ljBdfg ;+s6af6 aRg ;'/lIft :yfgdf
wg hgsf] ;'/Iff ug{ . :yfgfGt/0f
cGo k|sf]ksf] k"jf{wf/ ;]jf ;'ljwf /
/f]syfd ug{ . ;'/lIft a;f]af;sf] ljsf;
k'g:yf{kg l;lj/df
kLl8tx?nfO{ Go"gtd ePsfx?sf] gfdfjnL tyf
cfjZos k"jf{wf/ cGo ;"rgf ;+sng
;]jf k|bfg ug{ . cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] nfut
kLl8t If]q leqsf rn lgwf{/0f
crn ;DklQ psf:g . cfjZos ;fdu|L pknAw
a;f]af;, lhljsf]kfh{ x'g ;Sg] lgs6:y >f]t
klxrfg
g tyf k|sf]kaf6

p4f/ tyf /fxt
k|sf]kdf k/]sf JolQm, kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfonfO{
k|sf]ksf] rk]6faf6 ;'/lIft tj/n] lgsfNg], tTsfn
pkrf/ tyf cGo cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ sfo{nfO{
p4f/ tyf /fxt elgG5 .
p4f/ sfo{ k|sf]k kl/x]sf] a]nfdf, s]xL ;do
k5f8L k|sf]kdf k/]sfnfO{ arfpg / cfjZostf
cg';f/ cf}ifwL pkrf/ tyf a]kQf ePsfsf] vf]hL
ug]{ sfo{ kb{5 eg] /fxt k|sf]ksf sf/0f
hgwgsf] IftL eO{ ;Dk"0f{ n'ufkmf6f vfg] cGg
tyf cGo ;DklQ u'dfPsfx?nfO{ tTsfn
vfgf, n'ufkmf6f], kfgL, cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg
ul/g] ;xof]usf] sfo{qmd xf] .
cfslids ;xof]u sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]

p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{ lsg <
d[To" jf rf]6k6s tyf ;DklQsf] gf]S;fgL sd
ug{
k|sf]ksf] c;/ sd kfg{
k|sf]k km}ng glbg
k'g:yf{kg÷k'glgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos tYofÍ
p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{df s]–s] ul/G5 <
;Ísng ug{ .
k|sf]ksf] 36gfdf k/]sfnfO{ tTsfn p4f/ . k|fylds
pkrf/ tyf 3fO{t]x?sf] jlu{s/0f .
kLl8tx?nfO{ :jf:Yo rf}sL÷c:ktfn rnfg . hg wgsf]
;'/Iff .
ue{jtL÷afnaflnsf÷a[4 tyf czQmx?sf] ljz]if ;'/Iff .
ljIff]e ;dg .
/fxt ;fdu|L cfk'lt{ tyf ljt/0f . k'g:yf{kgf lzjL/
:yfkgf tyf ;+rfng======

p4f/÷/fxtdf c;/ kfg]{ tTjx?

:km]o/ kl/of]hgf (Sphere
Project)
c+u]|hL zAb Sphere sf] cy{ Globe cyf{t k[YjL xf]
.
:km]o/ Pp6f xft] k'l:tsf xf] h;n] k|sf]k jf
åGåsf sf/0f k|efljt ePsf ;d'bfosf lglDt
;xof]u ug]{ cG/f{li6«o dfkb08 tof/ u/]sf] 5 .

of] Pp6f dfgjtfjfbL 3f]if0ffkq xf] ;fy} o;n]
;xfotf ug'{ kg]{ kf+rj6f k|d'v If]q lgwf{/0f
u/L ;xfotf k|bfg ubf{ ckgfOg' kg]{ Go"gtd
:t/sf] klxrfg ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
:km]o/ b'O{ k|d'v ljZjf;df cfwfl/t 5 M
-s_ k|sf]k tyf åGåaf6 pTkGg dfgjLo
kL8fnfO{ lgjf/0f ug{ x/;Dej kfOnfx?
rflng'k5{ .
-v_ k|sf]kaf6 kLl8t JolQmx?nfO{ ;;Ddfg
af+Rg] clwsf/ ePsf]n] ;f] ;DalGw ;xof]u k|fKt

:km]o/ xft]k'l:tsf lsg cfjZos 5
<
w]/} nfdf] ;do;Dd u}=;=;= x?n] cfktsflng
;xfotf ;DalGw sfo{x?sf] u'0f:tl/otf tyf
hjfkmb]lxtf af/]df rf;f] lnO{/x]sf
lyP .
u}=;=;= x?n] P]ltxfl;s k|of]ux? dfq
kof{Kt 5}g eGg] dx;'; u/] .
– k|sf]ksf] hl6ntfdf a[l4
– k|sf]ksf] 36gfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4
– dfgjtfjfbL ;d'bfosf] k|s[ltdf kl/jt{g
– ;kmntfsf leGg dfkb08x? ePsf
;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"xx?sf] a[l4
?jfG8fsf] ;g !(($ sf] ;+s6

:k]mo/ kl/of]hgfsf nIox? M

– ;femf ;xsfo{tfsf] efiff lgdf{0f
ug{
– dfgjtfjfbL bvnnfO{ cem} r':t
agfpg
– hjfkmb]lxtf tyf kf/blz{tfdf
;'wf/ Nofpg
– sfo{qmdsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/
Nofpg

a[xQ/ k/fdz{ / xfQ] k'l:tsfsf]
lgdf{0f
k|f/lDes xft]k'l:tsf xft]k'l:tsfsf
k/fdz{ ;g ;fj{hlgs ;g ] k'gM
!((& @))) ;+:s/0f ;g
@))$

$,)))+ ;+;f/ el/sf
dflg;x? *) eGbf
$))
w]/} b]zx?
;+:yfx?

:km]o/ ljsf;sf
r/0fx?k'l:tsfsf] ;+/rgf
;du|df xft]
:km]o/sf]
– ljZjJofkL kl/ro
dfgjtfjfbL
;xfotf 3f]if0ffkq
;j} If]qsf nflu ;femf k|To]s
;DalGw ax;
dfkb08x? cWofo;+u
ug]{ kfgL cfk"lt{, ;/;kmfO tyf
;dfj]z ePsf /
– d"n l;4fGt :jf:Yo k|a4{g ;+u}
vfB ;'/Iff, kf]if0f tyf
tyf s[ofsnfk a'emg'kg]{
vfB ;xof]u
;DalGw cf>o a;f]af; tyf cvfB s'/fx?
;Demf}tf ;fdu|Lx? Go"gtd
ug'{ :jf:Yo ;]jfx? dfkb08
– of] ;femf cfrf/ k|d'v
k|fljlws ;+lxtf
cg';"rLx? ;'rsf+sx?
dfkb08 tyf lgb]{zs
;"rsx?df cg'qmdl0f a'+bfx?

dfgjtfjfbL 3f]if0ffkqsf tLg
k|d'v l;4fGtx?
 ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] clwsf/
– dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff kq
– gful/s, /fhg}lts, cfly{s tyf ;dflhs ;Demf}tfx?
– h]gef dxf;lGw
– oftgf lj?4sf] dxf;lGw
– afn clwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw
 n8fs' tyf u}/n8fs' lar leGgtf
– h]gef dxf;lGw
– afn clwsf/ ;DalGw
dxf;lGw
 k'gM :jb]z gkmsf{pg] l;4fGt
– z/0ffyL{x?sf] l:ylt ;DalGw dxf;lGw
– oftgf lj?4sf] dxf;lGw

k|sf]ksf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L
– k|sf]kaf6 k|efljt :km]o/ kl/of]hgfsf] k|of]u
JolQmx?sf cfwf/e"t hgjsfntnfO{ dhj't kfg'{
cfjZostfx? ltgsf sfo{bIftfsf] dfkg ug'{
cfkmg} k|of;af6 k"/f plrt ?kdf >f]tx?sf]
ug{ sf]lz; ug'{k5{ . k|of]u ug'{
– hgtfsf] Ifdtfn] ;d:of ;dGjonfO{ b/f] agfpg'
;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g eg] @) eGbf al9 efiffx?df
ltgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
/fHon] k|d'v e"ldsf
v]Nb} lhDd]jf/L tflnd kf7oqmdsf]
lng'kb{5 . af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'
– k|efljt JolQmx? ;xeflutfnfO{ a9fjf lbg'
a}wflgs ?kdf ;+/If0f / sfg"g tyf gLltlgodx?sf]
;xof]u kfpg of]Uo 5g . d"NofÍsg ug'{
/fHo tyf o'4/t kIfx? of]

k|of]ux?–sfo{qmd
rqm
hf]lvd n]vfhf]v
f
Go"lgs/0f
;d:of
d"NofÍ ljZn]if0f
g

sfo{qmds
k|efj f] of]hgf
cg'udg
sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjo

vfg]kfgL cfk"lQ{ tyf
;/;kmfO{
k|lt AolQm k|ltlbg !% ln6/
@%)kfgL ;Ddsf] nflu Ps kfgL
:jR5 hgf
:f|f]t -
k|To]ss'jf, Ogf/ cflb_ :f|f]t
wf/f, 3/af6 kfgLsf] .
ePsf] 7fpF %))
ld6/ eGbf 6f9f x'g''x'b}g, jf
k|To]s kfgL eg]{ wf/f
kfgLsf] ;|f]tdf slDtdf klg
)=!@% ln6/ k|lt;]s]08 kfgLsf]
k|jfx x'g'kb{5 .

;/;kmfO{
Ps zf}rfnodf a9Ldf @)
hgf;Ddn] k|of]u
ug{ ;Sg],
zf}rfnosf] k|of]u k|lt3/ jf
lnË cg';f/
zf}rfno 3/x?af6 %) ld6/
ug]{,
6f9f jf lxF8]/
hfFbf ! ldg]6sf] b'/Ldf
ahf/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df
x'g'kg]{ .
k'?if tyf
dlxnf zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf
x'g'kg]{ .

;/;kmfO{
kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] 7fpF af;
:yfgaf6 !)) ld6/ 6f9f tyf kmf]xf]/
y'kfg]{ 7fpF af; :yfgaf6 !% ld6/
!) kl/jf/sf]. nflu !)) ln6/ Ifdtf
6f9f x'g'kg]{
ePsf] sG6]g/sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
9n lgsf;sf] nflu yf]/} le/fnf]
7fpF x'g'kg]{ .
a:tL kmf]xf]/ kfgL hDg]
k|sf/sf] x'g gx'g] .
vfg]kfgLsf] >f]t af9L k:g]
vfnsf] x'g gx'g] .

;'/lIft cfjf;sf] nflu 7fpF 5gf}6sf]
Go"gtd dfkb08
Ps AolQmsf] nflu #=% ju{ ld6/
Go"gtd If]qkmn x'g'k5{ .
5gf}6 ul/Psf] 7fpFdf :jR5 xfjf tyf
xfjf jf/kf/ ug{ ;Sg]
udL{ 7fpF tyf. hf8f] 7fpFsf] nflu
Joj:yf x'g'k5{
:jf:Yodf k|lts'n
c;/ gkg]{ u/L ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/L
cfjfzsf] Joj:yf
a:tL a;fpg] 7fpF ;8s eGbf %
x'g'k5{ .
lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f x'g'x'b}g
/ k|;:t vfnL 7fpF ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

3/fo;L ;fdfgsf]
nflu
Pp6f lasf]{ ePsf] ksfpg] efF8f]
8]SrL –!
rSs' –!
8f8' kGo' –@
kfgL yfKg] ef8f –@
kfgL ;~ro ug]{ ef8f–!
Ps AolQmsf] nflu Pp6f du
rDrL –!
k|lt dlxgf @%) u|fd ;fa'g

u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf nflu cfrf/
;DalGw l;4fGtx?
!_ dfgjLo cfjZostf ;j{k|yd cfpF5 .
@_ ;xof]u kfpg]x?sf] hftL, wd{ jf /fli6«otf ;DalGw
s'g} e]befj gu/L / cGo s'g} lje]b gu/L ;xof]u k|bfg
ul/g]5 . ;xof]u ;DalGw k|fyldstf cfjZostfsf]
cfwf/df dfq lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
#_ ;xof]usf] k|of]u s'g} vf; /fhgLlts jf wfld{s
ljZjf;nfO{ ;Da4{g ug{ elg ul/g] 5}g .
$_ xfdL ;/sf/sf] j}b]lzs gLltsf] gLltsf] ;fwgsf]
?kdf sfd gug]{ k|of; ug]{5f}+ .
%_ xfdL ;+:s[tL tyf ;+:sf/sf] ;Ddfg ug]{5f}+ .
^_xfdL :yfgLo Ifdtfsf cfwf/df ;+s6 ;DalGw
sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug]{ k|of; ug]{5f}+ .
&_ /fxt ;xof]usf] Joj:yfkgdf sfo{qmdaf6 nfe
p7fpg]x?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] pkfox? vf]hL ul/g]5 .
*_ /fxt ;xof]un] k|sf]kaf6 pTkGg x'g] efjL vt/fnfO{ sd
ug'{sf ;fy} cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx? k'/f ug]{ k|of;
ug'{k5{ .

k|sf]k, jftfj/0f, ljsf; / logLx?
ljrsf] ;DaGw
ljsf;n] k|sf]k Nofpg ;S5 .
k|sf]kn] ljsf;sf] df}sf lbg ;S5 .
ljsf;n] ;+s6fled'vdf a[l4 u5{ .
ljsf;n] ;+s6fled'vdf sdL klg NofpF5 .
jftfj/0f cg[s'nsf] ljsf; lbuf] x'G5 .
ljWodfg vt/f, hf]lvd tyf ;+s6fled'vtf
n]vf hf]vf u/L k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds
k|ljlw ;d]6LPsf] ljsf;g} lbuf] x'G5 .

k|sf]k / ljsf;jLrsf] ;DaGw

ljsf;n] ljsf;n]
k|sf]knfO{ hf]lvd 36fpg
lgDTofp5 . d4t u5{ .

k|sf]kn] k|sf]kn]
ljsf;nfO{ ljsf;sf nflu
k5f8L cj;/ k|bfg
ws]N5 ub{5 .

k|sf]k Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf
j}slNks ;f]r
ljWodfg l:ylt a}slNks ;f]r
cnu b}jL 36gf k|fs[lts k|lqmof
;fljssf] l:ytL ;fljssf] l:ytLdf
jxfnLsf nflu k|sf]k Rff}tkmL{ ;'wf/sf]
lk8Ltsf] p2f/ ;+efjgf jf df}sf
ljWodfg vt/f, ljWodfg vt/f,
hf]lvd, hf]lvdfx?sf]
;+s6fled'vtfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf
a]jf:tf

;fdflhs tyf >f]t gS;f cfd e~Hofª
uflj; j8f g+ & 8'd|]s'gf

vt/f :t/Ls/0f (Hazard
Rankimg)
k|sf] af9 klx s6fg 8'jf cfun dxfd
k L /f] g fuL f/L
af9L x af9L af9L af9L af9L af9L
klx/f x x s6fg klx cfun klx/
] /f] fuL f]
s6fg x x x s6fg s6fg s6fg
8'jfg x x x x 8'jfg dxfd
f/L
cfunf x x x x x dxfd

df};dL kfqf] (Seasonal Calendar)
cfde~Hofª uflj;
q vt/f a} h] c >f= Ef c= sf= d+ kf df= k r}
m = = f= = = }= m =
=;+
f=
! af9L

@ klx/f]

# e"sDk

$ cl;gf

% x'/Latf
;
^ t';f/f]

& emf8fk
vfnf

df};dL kfqf] ( afnL tyf rf8kj{ _
q cGgafnL
cfde~Hofª c= sf= d+ kf df k
a h] cf >f Ef
uflj; r
m tyf }= = = = = = }= = m }=
=
rf8kj{ f=
! wfg
@ ds}
# ux'+
$ tf]/L
% cfn'
^ a]df};dL
t/sf/L
v]tL
& rf8kj{

cfd e~Hofª uflj; sf] ;do /]vf
ljZn]if0f
q vt/f ldlt - 36gf ljj/0f
m lj=;+=_
=
! af9 @)!! Iflt ljj/0f yfxf gePsf]
L
@ v8] @)@* 7'nf] clgsfn / ef]sd/L cfPsf]
/L
# v8] @)#@ – 7'nf] v8]/L clgsfn / ef]sd/L
/L #$ cfPsf]
$ af9 @)#^ afnLgfnL gf]S;fgL, vf]nf ufp+lt/
L k;]sf], cGoqaf6 a;fO;/fO{ u/]/
cfpg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof a[l4 eO{ a:tL

cfd e~Hofª uflj; sf] ;do /]vf
ljZn]if0f
^ af9 @)^) gf} j6f 3/ aufPsf], %)
L d'/LeGbf a9L wfg / cGo cGg
gf]S;fgL, uf]7df /x]sf ufO{,
e}+;L, uf]?, afv|fx? aufPsf] .
& af9 @)^! –^$ lj:yflkt gf}+ 3/ cem}
L kms]{/ To; 7fp+df hfg g;s]sf,
;fy} ;fd/L vf]nfn] @)^! b]vL
k|To]s ;fn Ps hgf aufP/
d[To" ePsf] .
* e"If lg/Gt/ ;w} cfpg] af9L÷klx/f]n] o;
o If]qsf] s/La !)) laufx eGbf

ultlzntf gS;f (Mobility
Mapping)
ef/tsf] sfzL tyf af}4uof
vf8Ld'n's dn]l;of,
k;'klt, :joDe' stf/ tyf cGo
r'l/ofdfO{
sf7df08f}+ sf7df08f}
x]6f}+8fsf] e'6gb]aL +
k|f=lzIff e/tk'/, jL/u+h dlGb/ e/tk'/, aL/u+h
u8Lsf] dgsfdgf
pRr lzIff x]6f}+8f x]6f}+8
ufp+s} dlGb/ u'Djf f
+@ j8f g+ wflbª l5d]sL ufp+
lty{a|t
df=lj= ufp+d} /f]huf/÷>d
lzIff cfde~Hofª
a}jflxs uflj; :jf:Yo wfdLemfqm
;DaGw L
u8L uflj;sf]
lsgd]n
5/l5d]s :jf:Yo rf}sL
ufp+s} k;n
l5d]sL uflj;–u8L, :jf:Yo rf}sL
;'sf}/f, a'9Lrf}/ j8f g+ # wflbª cfde~Hofª
x]6f}+8f
x]6f}8f tyf lhNnfsf x]6f}+8f c:ktfn'
cGo ufp+ aL/u+h
e/tk'/
sf7df08f}
lghu9 tyf sf7df08f}
rGb|lgufxk'/
ef/t

lgs6tfsf cfwf/df ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?] -
e]g /]vf lrq_
/f8f] lhNnf
g]kfn s[lif
ljsfz
;Neg]
lh=l kfn
j=;=
l;d]06
jfn Sna

dlxnf ;xsf/L
pBf]ux? uf=lj=;=
cfde~Hofª
b'Uw
:yflgo
;xsf/L
tyf
lhNnf
/]8qm;
lhNnf hn pTkGg
b}jL k|sf]k
k|sf]k
l8lehg cGo lhNnf:tl/o
p4f/ ;lklt
PS;g P8 ;+3;+:yf tyf
o"Pg
g]kfn
l8kL{ lgsfox?
{{{

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|sf]k k"j{
tof/L
CBDP (Community Based Disaster Preparedness)
;d'bfodf cfpg ;Sg] ;Defljt k|sf]knfO{
Wofgdf /fvL ;d'bfon] cfkmgf] ;'/Iff,
p4f/ tyf /fxt Joj:yf / k|sf]k hf]lvd
cj:yfnfO{ Go"lgs/0f ub}{ nfg] p2]Zon]
ul/g] lqmofsnfkx? h'g Jojl:yt 9+uaf6
;d'bfoåf/f g} ;+rfng ul/G5, Tof] g}
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L xf] .
afXo ;xof]usf] d'v tfSg'sf] ;§f ;fgfltgf
k|sf]k cfO{kbf{ ;d'bfosf dflg; g} d'Vostf{
eO{ cfkm';+u ePsf] 1fg, Ifdtf / :yfgLo
;fdu|Lsf] a9L eGbf a9L k|of]u u/L ;dod}
cfkmgf] arfj6 / d2t ug{ ;Sg] tyf ;d'bfon]
eljiodf kg{ ;Sg] ;fx|f] ufx|f] cj:yfsf nflu

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|sf]k
k"j{ tof/L lsg ,<
!= ;'/lIft a:tL tyf jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{
@=dfgj hLjg, ;DklQ tyf 3fOt]x?sf] ;+Vof sd kfg{,
#= ;d'bfosf] cfTdlge{/tf tyf k|ofKtdf a[l4 ug{,
$= ;d'bfosf dflg;x?nfO{ k|sf]kaf6 pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{
%=;fgf ;fgf k|sf]kaf6 tTsfn /fxt ;]jf k'¥ofpg,
^= ;d'bfodf k|sf]ksf b[li6sf]0fn] hf]lvdk"0f{
:yfgx?sf] klxrfg u/L ;dod} ;fjwfgL ckgfpg,
&= :yfgLo :t/sf] ;+u7g lgdf{0f u/L :yfgLo ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{,
*= Jojl:yt ;+rf/ Joj:yf / k|efjsf/L ;dGjo ug{,
(= k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu bIf JolQm tof/ ug{,
!)=k|sf]kaf6 x'g] IftL÷c;/ sd ug{,
!!= ljsf;nfO{ lbuf] agfpg ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{
k|sf]kaf6 x'g ;Sg] c;/af/] 5nkmn u/L sd ug]{ pkfo
cjnDag ug{,

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L
s;/L ;+rfng ug]{ <
-!_ l:yltsf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f
-@_ :yfgLo :t/sf] gS;fÍg
-#_ ;xeflusf] 5gf}6 / tflnd
sfo{qmd
-$_ ;fd'bflos ;+u7g / sfo{of]hgf
-%_ sf]if ;+sng tyf kl/rfng
-^_ cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
-&_ cEof;

k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L sfo{qmddf s] s]
sfo{x? ;+rfng ug]{ <
-s_ vt/f cK7]/f] jf ;+s6df k/]sf
7fpFx?sf] vf]hL
-v_ of]hgf / sfof{Gjog,
-u_ ;+u7gfTds :j?k / ;dGjo,
-3_ ;"rgf k|0ffnL Jojl:yt ug]{,
-ª_ ;|f]tsf] aGbf]j:t ug]{,
-r_ r]tfjgL k|0ffnL :yfkgf,
-5_ p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{,
-h_ hglzIff / tflnd ;+rfng ug]{,
-em_ cEof;

Coordination -;dGjo_
Pp6} If]q / p2]Zodf sfd ug]{
;+3;+:yfx? / To;;+u ;DalGwt
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] aLrdf lgoldt
?kdf ;Dks{ x'g' h?/L 5 ;fy} cfkm"
s] ul//fv]sf] 5f}+, c? sxf+ s]
ul//fv]sf 5g eGg] ;"rgf cfbfg
k|bfg x'g' h?/L 5, h;n] ubf{ Ps
csf{sf] sfddf bf]xf]/f]kgf
gcfpg], >f]tx?sf] afF8kmfF8 x'g],
sfdn] ult lng] ;fy} k|sf]k rqmsf

;dGjo lsg cfjZos 5 <
 ;"rgf ;+sng tyf cBfjlws
ug{
 ;+s6fled'v If]q klxrfg ug{ ;dGjosf] tx
 ;fdgf ug]{ /0fgLlt af/] M
5nkmn ug{  ;d'bfo :t/
 s;nfO{ s] yfxf 5 cfbfg  lhNnf :t/
k|bfg ug{
 If]qLo :t/
 sxf+,sf],s] ub}{ 5 <
bf]xf]/f]kgf cfpg glbg  /fli6«o :t/
 cfly{s tyf dfgljo >f]tsf]  cGt/f{li6«o
k|aGw tyf cfbfg k|bfg :t/
lg/Gt/ ?kdf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;+u ;Dks{ /
 cfkmgf] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg

Gender Analysis -n}lËs
ljZn]if0f_
dlxnf k'?if ;dfhsf Ps /ysf b'O{ kfªu|f x'g .
lnËsf cfwf/df ul/g] e]befj ;dfhdf JofKt 5 .
of] lje]b x6fpgsf nflu Sex / Gender jLrsf]
leGgtf a'emg' h?/L 5
Sex -lnË _ eg]sf] h}ljlso lgld{t (Biological
constructed) :j?k xf] h;nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsb}g /
of] hGdhft u'0f xf] .
Gender -n}lËs_ eg]sf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf lgldQ
;dfhn] lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] e"ldsf tyf
lhDd]jf/L xf] . o;nfO{ ;do, :yfg / cfjZostf
cg';f/ kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fdfGo cj:yfdf xfd|f] ;dfhdf k'?ifx?sf]
t'ngfdf dlxnfx?n] a9L sfd u5{g ;fy} ;doklg

Gender……….
dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?df km/s vfnsf ;+s6fled'vtf
tyf Ifdtfx? x'G5g ;f] af/] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{
h?/L x'G5 .
dlxnfx?sf jLrdf klg ljleGg ;d"x, pk–;d"x
x'G5g ;f]xL cg';f/ ;+s6dfled'vtfsf] tx klg
km/s km/s x'G5g .
dlxnfx?sf] ;+s6fled'vtf sd ug{ 3/fo;L sfo{df
k'?ifsf] ;+nUgttf a[l4 u/fO{ dlxnfx?nfO{ cfo
cfh{g ;DalGw sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] jftfj/0f
agfpg] .
JolQmut÷kfl/jfl/s÷;fj{hlgs ;DklQ, hdLg,
>d, k'+hL, ;fdu|Lx? tyf C0f dfly dlxnfx?sf]
kx'Fr / lgoGq0f a9fpg] .

Coping strategy: v/c analysis
;fdgf /0fgLlt M
;+s6fled'vtf÷Ifdtf ljZn]if0f
;fdgf /0fgLlt eg]sf] :yfgLo :t/sf]
;d'bfon] k|sf]ksf] ;dodf u/]sf]
k|ltlqmof xf], af+Rg] t/Lsf] xf] jf
;d:ofsf] tTsflng ;dfwfg xf] .
k|sf]ksf] ;fdgf /0fgLltx? @ k|sf/sf
x'G5g .
!_ ;sf/fTds ;fdgf /0fgLlt
@_gsf/fTds ;fdgf /0fgLlt
– ;sf/fTds ;fdgf /0fgLltn] ;d'bfosf]
Ifdtf, bIftf bzf{p5 h'g ;d'bfosf] >f]tx?
x'g . h:t}}M
!_ art C0f sfo{qmdsf] ;b:o x'g'

;fdgf /0fgLlt=======
gsf/fTds ;fdgf /0fgLltn] ulDe/ k|sf/sf]
;+s6fled'vtfnfO{ bzf{p5 . gsf/fTds ;fdgf
ug]{ /0fgLltn] ;d'bfosf] ;+s6fled'vtf
a[l4 ub{5 . h:t}M u/uxgf tyf n'uf l;pg]
d]lzg a]Rg' . xn uf]?, n}gf] e};L a]Rg'
gsf/fTds /0fgLlt x'g h:n] ;d'bfosf]
hLljsf]kfh{g cj:yfdf emg cK7]/f] cj:yf
l;h{gf u5{
k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L sfo{df ;d'bfosf]
;s/fTds tyf gsf/fTds ;fdgf ug]{
/0fgLltx?sf] klxrfg ug'{ ;+s6fled'vtf
tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0fsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{

/fli6«o ;Dkbf
/fli6«o ;Dkbf leq "%h" jf6 gfdfs/0f x'g] >f]tx?
x'G5g h;nfO ;Gt'lnt Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f ug{
;s]df dfq jftfj/0fsf] ;Gt'ng tyf hg wgsf]
;+/If0f x'g] x'G5 .

hgtf

hn hgfj/
hnfwf/ If]q

h+un hldg

lxdfndf ux|f lgdf{0f
u/L ul/Psf] v]tL

g]kfndf kfO{g]
uf}/LufO{sf] ;f+9]

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