The document discusses the key concepts of backward design and Understanding by Design (UbD). It explains the three stages of backward design: 1) identify desired results, including establishing goals, desired understandings, essential questions, knowledge, and skills; 2) determine acceptable evidence, such as performance tasks and other assessments; and 3) plan learning experiences and instruction. It provides guidance on unpacking standards and objectives, identifying big ideas and essential questions, and crafting understandings, knowledge, and skills. The document also discusses the six facets of understanding that can be used to design assessments and ensure true understanding rather than just knowledge.
2. How to Use Backward Design –
Stage 1
Use national, state, or provincial content standards
as a starting point.
“Unpack” the nouns and verbs in the standards to
point to the “big ideas”. Stated or implied Big Ideas
in the Nouns and Adjectives. Stated or implied realworld performances in the verbs.
Use the template as a tool for developing a
coherent, purposeful, and efficient design for
learning.
5. Big Ideas…
It’s the central and organizing notion.
It’s the core idea in a subject
It has lasting value and transfers to other
inquiries and requires uncovering because it
is not obvious.
6. Essential Questions…
Have no simple ‘right answer; they are meant
to be argued and discussed (discovered,
uncovered)
Designed to provoke and sustain inquiry
Often address the foundational or historical
issues of a subject
Lead to more questions
Naturally come back again when learning
Encourage ongoing re-thinking of big ideas,
assumptions, prior learning (transference…)
Could be overarching or topical
7. Understandings…
Frame the desired understanding as a full-sentence
generalization in response to the phrase, “Students
will understand that…”
Beware of stating an understanding as a truism or
vague generality. (Triangles have 3 sides – truism or
vague generality?- The U.S. is a complex country –
truism or vague generality?) – Check to see your
stated understandings don’t end with an adjective
(i.e. fractions are important)
Avoid the phrase, “Students will understand how
to…”
“Understanding is the ability to transfer learning to
new, different, and unique experiences” - Wiggins
8. Big Ideas, Understandings, and
Essential Questions
Big Idea
Topic or
Content Standard
Understanding
Understanding
Essential
Essential
Question
Question
9. Knowledge…
What we want students to know
Vocabulary
Terminology
Definitions
Key factual information
Formulas
Critical details
Important events and people
Sequence and timeline
10. Skills…
What we want students to be able to do
Basic skills – decoding, arithmetic
computation
Communication skills – listening, speaking,
writing
Thinking skills – compare, infer, analyze,
interpret
Research, inquiry, investigation skills
Study skills – notetaking
Interpersonal group skills
11. Unpacking Goals – Method 1
Established Goals: 1. Creativity and Innovation
Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct
knowledge, and develop innovative products and
processes using technology.
Stated or Implied BIG IDEAS
In the NOUNS and ADJECTIVES:
Understandings:
Students will understand that…
Knowledge:
What we want students to know…
Stated or Implied real-world
Performances in the VERBS:
Essential Questions:
Skills:
What we want students to do…
Performance Task Ideas:
12. Stage 1 – Desired Results
Applying Differentiation to the
UbD Framework
Establish Goal (Content Standards)
Should not be differentiated
Understandings
Essential Questions
Knowledge
Skill
May be differentiated
Stage 2 – Assessment Evidence
Performance Tasks
Other Evidence
Key Criteria
Stage 3 – Learning Plan
Should be differentiated
14. The argument for performance assessment
as a necessity, not a luxury……
“Students must perform
effectively with knowledge
to convince us that they
really understand what
quizzes and short-answer
tests only suggest they
get”
15.
16. Transfer: the link
The six facets link the stages
Use
the six facets as the
test of whether you are
truly measuring
“understanding” of the big
ideas/essential questions
21. Empathy: walk in another’s
shoes
Ability to get inside another
person’s feelings and
viewpoint
Differs from perspective
Inside versus outside view
22. Self-knowledge: Wisdom to
know one’s ignorance
How thoughts and actions
inform as well as prejudice
understanding
Must first understand
ourselves before we
understand the world