1. CHAPTER 3
NAVAL AIRCRAFT AND MISSILES

2. E-2C Air Wing
F/A-18
S-3B C-2A
AV-8B EA-6B
Naval Aircraft

3. F-14 Tomcat
No Longer in Active Inventory F/A-18 Hornet
Airplanes fall into three main groups:
1. Fixed-wing - Wings are the primary
lifting devices for the aircraft.

4. SH/HH-60 Seahawk
2. Rotary-wing - Two or more rotating
blades lift the aircraft by pulling or
pushing air.

5. U.S. Navy
3. Lighter-than-air - Casings filled
with light gas, such as helium,
provide lifting power.

6. F/A-18 Super Hornet
Attack planes
are used for:
• Low-level
F/A-18 Hornet bombing
• Ground support
• Nuclear strikes

7. Attack planes carry heavy payloads
(fuel, bombs, and missiles) and can
remain on station long enough to
support ground troops.

8. F/A-18F Super Hornet
Fighter planes are high-performance
aircraft used to gain air superiority.

9. Fighters may be used as:
• Interceptors — defensively
• Escorts — offensively
• Ground support

10. P-3C Orion
Patrol aircraft are land-based,
long-range, multi-engine planes
used mainly for undersea warfare patrol.

11. Patrol aircraft can:
• Detect, locate, and destroy submarines.
• Escort surface convoys.
• Conduct photographic missions.
• Lay mines.

12. P-8A Poseidon to Replace P-3C Orion
starting in 2013

13. EA-6B Prowler
Electronic warfare (EW)
aircraft detect and jam
enemy radars.

14. F/A-18 Growler
Replacing Navy and Marine Corps
EA-6 B Prowlers

15. S-3B Viking
Undersea warfare (USW) aircraft
hunt and destroy submarines.

16. F-14
TARPS (Tactical
Airborne
Reconnaissance
Pod System)
Reconnaissance aircraft gather
intelligence information.

17. F/A-18
ATARS (Advanced Tactical
Airborne Reconnaissance System)
Attack or fighter aircraft may perform
reconnaissance duties.

18. Reconnaissance photography

19. E-2C Hawkeye
The mission of the early warning aircraft
(AEW) is to:
• Provide early warning of approaching
enemy aircraft.
• Direct interceptors into attack position.

20. Helicopter Roles
• Cargo and personnel transportation
• Undersea Warfare (USW)
• Observation and reconnaissance
• Search and rescue
• Mine countermeasures

21. Lighter-than-air craft have not been used
much since WWII, but DARPA is working
on a concept for a blimp (―WALRUS‖)
capable of transporting 500 tons
(Small brigade size unit).

22. Until the end of WWII, naval fighter
type aircraft armament consisted of:
• Machine guns
• Unguided rockets
• Bombs

23. The WWII fighter-bombers or attack
aircraft would also carry:
• Incendiaries
• Torpedoes

24. A-3 Skywarrior A-5 Vigilante
Navy planes
developed
specifically to
deliver nuclear
bombs
A-4 Skyhawk

25. F-86 Sabre F-4 Phantom
Guided missiles were developed for
fighter aircraft and used in:
• Korean War
• Vietnam War

26. Most dogfights were still decided with
machine guns.

27. Gatling-type
machine guns
appeared in
the late 1960s.

28. F-14 Tomcat
In the 1980s and 1990s
Improved guidance and propulsion
made the guided missile (AAM) the main
armament for the modern naval fighter
aircraft.

29. F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
AIM-9
TALD
AIM-9 GBU-24
MK-77
LAU
AGM-65
WALLEYE
CBU-72
AGM-48
AGM-84D
CBU-59
MK-20
MK-65
JDAM WALLEYE-1
GBU-12
MK-62
MK-84 TANK 33D
MK-56 JSOW
AIM-7
MK-83
MK-82 MK-63
Cruise missile and ―smart‖ bombs
now play major roles.

30. F-14 Tomcat
F/A-18 Hornet
Designed with fuselage-mounted
20-mm Gatling guns which can fire
100 rounds per second

31. Missile
Any object that
can be projected
or thrown at a
target

32. Today the term ―missile‖
means ―guided missile.‖

33. Guided Missile
An unmanned, self-propelled vehicle
with a guidance system

35. Smart Bomb
A non-self-propelled vehicle with
a guidance system

36. Rocket
No internal guidance system

37. A guided missile can carry either a
conventional explosive or a nuclear
warhead.

38. The Navy’s homing torpedoes are
self-propelled weapons having
elaborate guidance systems that
hunt for a target and steer for it on
a collision course.

39. Homing Device
A mechanism incorporated into a
guided missile, airplane, etc., that
aims it toward its objective

40. A guided missile has four basic parts:
• Airframe
• Propulsion system
• Guidance system
• Warhead

41. MISSILE AIRFRAME

42. GUIDANCE PROPULSION
WARHEAD

43. ROCKET
MOTOR
TARGET WARHEAD
DETECTING
DEVICE
GUIDANCE-CONTROL
GROUP
WINGS
FINS
IR DOME
Missile Airframe
Missile airframes contain the other
parts of the missile plus the fuel.

44. MISSILE AIRFRAME
Missile airframes are made of aluminum
alloys, magnesium, and high tensile
steel sheets, which are lightweight and
capable of withstanding extreme heat
and high-pressure.

45. Missile Propulsion (Supersonic)
• Liquid or solid fuel motors

46. Missile Propulsion (Subsonic)
• Air-breathing ―cruise‖ missiles

47. Warhead
The missile high-explosive payload

48. Currently the Navy guided missiles
have one of five types of guidance
systems:
• Preset gyro
• Inertial
• Homing
• Command
• Beam rider

49. Preset Gyro Guidance — It uses gyroscopes
to keep the missile on a set course, with an
onboard computer constantly checking angle
of climb and acceleration.

50. Descent
and Midcourse Terminal
Pullout Phase Maneuver
Phase (Inertial (Homing
Guidance) Guidance)
Booster
Separation
Inertial Guidance — It makes use
of a predetermined flight profile
programmed into the onboard
missile computer.

51. Homing Guidance — It depends on the
missile picking up and tracking a
target by means of radar, optical, or
heat-seeking devices.

52. Active Homing — The radar transmitter
and receiver are both located in the
missile.

53. Semiactive Homing — The radar
transmitter is located on the launching
ship or aircraft, and the receiver is in
the missile.

54. RF/INFRARED
WAVES FROM TARGET
MISSILE
TARGET
Passive Homing — The missile picks
up and tracks a target by detecting
some form of energy emitted by it.

55. MISSILE
LAUNCHER
UPLINK
COMMAND TARGET
DOWN LINK
TRANSMITTER TRACKER
RECEIVER
COMPUTER
Command Guidance — It involves
missile control by signals from the
launch station.

56. TARGET
TRACKING
AND
GUIDANCE
RADAR
MISSILE
BOOSTER
Beam Rider Guidance — It requires
the missile to follow a radar beam to
the target (will self destruct if off course)

57. Missiles have great
range, accuracy,
and payload.

58. POLARIS
A-3 SLAM POSEIDON
C-3 SLAM
Polaris and Poseidon — The initial
fleet ballistic missile (FBM)

59. Polaris A – 1
missile — deployed
in 1960

60. The Trident missile
has a range of
over 4,000 nautical
miles.

61. The Minuteman
is the most
powerful
Intercontinental
Ballistic Missile
(ICBM) and has
a range of over
5,000 miles.

62. Intercontinental Ballistic
Missile (ICBM)
Any supersonic missile that has a
range of at least 3,500 nautical miles
(6,500 km) and follows a ballistic
trajectory after a powered, guided
launching

63. USS Maine (SSBN 741)
The U.S. fleet ballistic submarine
(SSBN) force consists of 20 submarines.

64. Each SSBN carries twenty-four
4,000-nautical mile range MIRV
(multiple independently targeted
reentry vehicle) ballistic missiles.

65. Multiple Independently Targeted
Reentry Vehicle (MIRV)
A reentry vehicle that breaks up into
several nuclear warheads, each
capable of reaching a different target

66. Bangor, WA
Kings Bay, GA
Trident Submarine Bases

67. Ballistic missile flight and trajectory — It
is a two-stage flight path.

68. Antiballistic
Missiles (ABMs)
They are designed
to detect, intercept,
or destroy incoming
ballistic missiles.

69. The United
States has
never
deployed a
fixed ABM
system.

70. The Soviet Union deployed thousands
of ABM systems in the 1970s and 1980s.

71. Army’s mobile
Patriot missile
system used
during Operation
Desert Storm in
1991

72. What was the
Patriot missile
system used for
in Operation
Desert Storm?

73. What was the
Patriot missile
system used for
in Operation
Desert Storm?
To knock down
incoming Iraqi
Scud missile
warheads fired
against Israel and
Saudi Arabia

74. Task Force Defense

75. E-2C Hawkeye
Early Warning
Systems
USS Curtis Wilbur (DDG 54)

76. F/A-18 Hornets
First line of defense — Interceptor
aircraft, which would attack enemy
planes with air-to-air missiles

77. Guided missiles have become the
main weapon used in aerial combat.

78. AIM-9
The air-to-air missile can ―lock on‖
the hostile aircraft while it is still
miles away, and pursue and hit it in
spite of any evasive maneuvers.

79. Second line of defense — SAMs of
moderate range (20 - 65 miles)

80. Long-range search radar would
detect incoming enemy.

81. Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM)
Intercepts attacking aircraft at
great height and ranges

82. Third line of
defense:
• Shorter range
missiles
(5 - 30 miles)
• Antiaircraft
guns

83. Point defense systems are
the last defense.

84. Protection against underwater attack
would include:
• Homing torpedoes
• Depth bombs

85. Cruise Missile
A winged guided missile designed to
deliver a conventional or nuclear
warhead by flying at low altitudes to
avoid detection by radar

86. Harpoon — first antiship cruise missile
Length – 15 feet
Diameter – 13 inches
Weight – 1,400 pounds
Range (Max.) – 60 NM

87. Harpoon Missile
It is the primary antiship weapon
system for U.S. forces carried by
cruisers, destroyers, frigates, nuclear
attack submarines, carrier-based
attack and USW aircraft, and P-3 Orion
maritime patrol aircraft.

88. Harpoon
The missile features over-the-horizon
(OTH) range, a low-level subsonic
cruising trajectory, active guidance,
counter-countermeasures, and a large
payload.

89. Tomahawk
An all-weather, long-range, subsonic
cruise missile

90. A Tomahawk can
be launched from
a submarine, as
well as surface
ship, land, and air
platforms.

91. The land-attack Tomahawk flies at very
low altitudes and has terrain-masking
and infrared features, making defense
against it difficult.

92. The Standoff Land Attack Missile
(SLAM) was developed in the
mid-1990s as an adverse weather
OTH precision strike missile.

93. SLAM incorporates:
• A highly accurate GPS-aided
guidance system
• An improved aerodynamic
performance (150nm range)
• A newly developed automatic target
acquisition (ATA) feature

94. Combat Air Patrol
A task force’s front line of defense

95. The fleet has three operational
airborne intercept missiles (AIM):
• AIM-9 series Sidewinder missile
• AIM-54 Phoenix missile
• AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range
Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM)

96. Sidewinder Missile AIM-9

97. Sidewinder Missile AIM-9
Range – 2 miles
Speed – Mach 2.5
Weight – 160 to 210 pounds

98. Sidewinder Missile
AIM-9
The improved fuze, warhead, and the
maneuverability of the latest model
provides U.S. pilots with the best
possible advantage in close combat.

99. Phoenix Missile
AIM-54

100. AIM-54 Phoenix Missile
Range – 125 miles
Speed – Mach 5+
Weight – 1,000 pounds

101. The system’s ability to engage
multiple targets almost simultaneously
enhances airspace control, a
prerequisite for fleet operations today.

102. Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air
(AMRAAM) Missile AIM – 120

103. AIM-120 AMRAAM is a follow-on to an
older missile series called the Sparrow.

104. AIM-120 AMRAAM
Range – 30+ miles
Speed – Mach 4
Weight – 335 pounds

105. Navy Surface-to-Air
Missiles (SAM)
The second line of
fleet defense

106. Terrier was the Navy’s first
operational SAM missile.

107. Terrier SAM
Range – 10+ miles
Speed – Mach 2
Weight – 3,000 pounds

108. Tartar SAM Missile
It was similar to the Terrier but
weighed half as much.

109. Talos was the Navy’s largest shipboard
SAM missile but was phased out in the
late 1970s.

110. Standard
Medium-Range
(MR) Missile
Standard
Extended-Range
(ER) Missile
The Standard missile series featuring
both medium-range (MR) and extended-
range (ER) missiles replaced the Terrier
and Tartar missiles.

111. Standard (MR)
missile has a
range in excess
of 15 miles and
a ceiling greater
than 50,000 feet.

112. Standard (ER)
missile has a
range exceeding
30 miles and a
ceiling greater
than 60,000 feet.

113. AGM-65 AGM-114
The Navy has several
types of air-to-ground
missiles (AGM)
designed to attack
armor, air defenses,
ground transportation,
AGM-88 and ships.

114. The AGM-65 Maverick missile is used
for close air support of friendly ground
forces.

115. The AGM-88 HARM (high-speed
antiradiation missile) is designed to
home in on and destroy enemy radars.

116. Antiradiation Missile
Designed to home in on radiation
emitted from enemy weapons or
tracking sites

117. The AGM-114 Hellfire missile is a laser
guided subsonic missile intended for
launching by helicopters against tanks
or other types of enemy armored
vehicles.

118. PILOT
RELEASES
TV CAMERA BOMB
LOCKS ON
Walleye Glide Bomb

119. Walleye has:
• A powerful warhead
• Amazing accuracy

120. A newly developed
guidance kit called the
Joint Direct Attack
Munition (JDAM)
converts conventional
1,000- and 2,000-pound
bombs into precision-
guided munitions using
the satellite-based GPS
system for guidance.

121. GBU-16
―Smart Bombs‖ — non-self-propelled
air-dropped munitions that can be
guided to impact with a target.

122. JSOW (Joint Stand-Off Weapon) is a
large glide bomb designed to attack
surface targets while remaining at safe
stand-off distances.

123. The JSOW has a range of from 12 to 40
nautical miles, but a powered version has
a range in excess of 120 nautical miles.

124. The Harpoon
Harpoon and Tomahawk
cruise missiles
come in the
AGM version.
Tomahawk

125. ASROC Torpedo
The Navy’s primary undersea warfare
(USW) weapons are antisubmarine
rockets (ASROC) and antisubmarine
torpedoes.

126. ASROC — antisubmarine rocket, fitted
with either a homing torpedo or
nuclear depth bomb warhead

127. Motor Separation
ASROC
Depth Charge
Torpedo
Water
Entry
SONAR
ASROC
Operations

128. The USW ship can launch ASROC
before the submarine is even aware
that it is under attack.

129. Enabling Point
Initial
Dive Target
Detection
Enabling
Run Preset
Search
Pattern
Target
Homing
Homing Torpedo — A torpedo that uses a self-
contained guidance system usually based on
sound detection for terminal guidance.

130. Reflected
Torpedo Acoustic
Pulse
Target
Acoustic Pulses
From Torpedo
Active acoustic is not dependent upon
the sound emitted from the target for
its homing information.

131. Torpedo
Acoustic Pulses
From Target
Passive acoustic homes in on the
noise emitted from the target.

133. Trajectory
A missile’s path from launch
to impact or destruct

134. The two basic missile trajectories are:
• Ballistic
• Aerodynamic

135. Ballistic Missile
Flight

136. Ballistic Trajectory
The missile is acted upon only by
gravity and aerodynamic drag after
the propulsive force is terminated

137. Lift
Thrust Drag
Gravity (Weight)
An aerodynamic missile is one in which
aerodynamic forces are used to maintain the flight
path. It usually has a winged configuration.

138. Aerodynamic Trajectory
Path of an object, as a rocket, when the
air is dense enough to modify the
course of flight significantly.
Aerodynamic control of missiles is
greatly reduced in the stratosphere
because of low air density.

139. Descent
and Midcourse Terminal
Pullout Phase Maneuver
Phase (Inertial (Homing
Guidance) Guidance)
Booster
Separation
Missile trajectories include many
shapes or types of curves.

140. Mid-Course
Terminal
Predicted
Target
Position
Hyperbolic Trajectory
The missile will first climb to the desired
altitude, then follow an arc of a hyperbola
before diving on its target.

141. T1 T2 T3 T4
LOS 3 LOS 4
LOS 2
M4
Target Sharp Curve
LOS 1
Flight M3 Causes High
Path Accelerations
Pursuit Curve Missile
M2 Flight
A curved path Path
followed by a
M1
missile that homes
in on and eventually
overtakes and intercepts a target.

142. T1
T2
Target
Flight T3
Path
LOS 1 LOS 2 LOS 3
M3
Missile
M2 Flight
Path
M1 Modified Pursuit
Course

143. An intermediate-range or long-range
air-breathing missile climbs quickly to
altitude and then flies a flat trajectory to
the target area where it dives straight
down on it.

144. ICBMs, such
as Trident, are
launched vertically
so they can get
through the
densest part of the
atmosphere as
soon as possible.

145. ASROC weapons use a combination
trajectory — ballistic and pursuit trajectory.

146. Missile trajectory
is affected by
―natural forces.‖
• Wind
• Gravity
• Magnetic forces
• Coriolis effect

147. THE END