2. INTRODUCTION
The waste produced in the course of health-care activities
carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any
other type of waste. Therefore, it is essential to have safe
and reliable method for handling. Inadequate and
inappropriate handling of health-care waste may have
serious public health consequences and a significant impact
on the environment…
Thus the appropriate management of health-care waste is
thus crucial component of environmental health protection,
and it should thus become an integral feature of health-care
services.

3. “Any solid, fluid or liquid waste, including its
container & any intermediate product, which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immuzation of human beings or animals, in
research pertaining there or in the production or
testing of biological & the animal waste from
slaughter houses or any other like
establishments”

4. The institutions mainly involved in generation of Bio-Medical
wastes include:
~Government hospitals
~Nursing home
~Physicians office/clinics.
~Dentists office/clinics
~Dispensaries.
~Medical and research training center
~Mortuaries.
~Blood banks and Collection centers
~Slaughter houses
~Laboratories
~Bio-technology institutes and production units.
~Research organizations.
All these Health care establishments generate wastes and are therefore
covered under Bio-Medical wastes[BMW].

5. The table shows us the classification of healthy care
wastes & their examples:
Waste category Description and examples
Infectious waste Waste suspected to contain
pathogens .eg : laboratory
cultures; waste from isolation
wards;
tissues(swabs)’materials or
equipments which have been
in contact with infected
patients ; excreta
Athalogical wastes Human tissues or fluid e.g.
body parts ;blood and other
body fluids; fetuses.
Pharmaceutical wastes Waste containing
pharmaceuticals; include
waste, expired or no longer
needed medicines and also
bottles and boxes

6. Waste category Description and examples
Genotoxic wastes Wastes containing substances
with genotoxic properties e.g.
waste containing cytostatic
drugs(often used in cancer
treatments);genotoxic
chemicals.
Chemicals wastes Waste containing chemical
substances e.g. laboratory
regents, film developers,
disinfectants that are of no
use or expired, solvents
Wastes with high content of Batteries, broken
heavy metals thermometer, blood pressure
gauges etc.

7. The table below gives us the brief idea about the categories
of Bio-Medical Wastes types of wastes &treatment
&disposable options under Rule 1998
Option Waste categories Treatment/ deep burial
Category No. Humans Anatomical Wastes (human Incineration/ deep burial
1 Tissues, Organs, body parts)
Category No. Animal Wastes (animal tissues, Incineration/ deep burial
2 organs, body parts, bleeding parts,
fluids & experimental animals used in
research)
Category No. Microbiology & Biotechnological Local autoclaving/ microwaving/ Incineration
3 wastes
(wastes from laboratory cultures,
stocks or specimens of
microorganism, dishes, human &
animal cell culture used in research
works
etc.)
Category No. Waste sharps Disinfection(chemical
4 (niddles, scalpels, blades, glasses’ treatment/autoclaving/Microwaving &
syringes etc that may cause punctures mutilation & shredding.
cuts. This include both used and
unused sharps)

8. Category No. 5 Discarded medicines & Incineration, chemical treatment
cytotoxic drugs. destruction and drug disposal in
(waste comparing of secured land fills.
outdated, contaminated or
discarded medicines
Category No. 6 Solid wastes Incineration , autoclaving /
(items contaminated with Microwaving , mutilation
blood, and fluid including shredding.
cotton, dressing, beddings,
other materials contaminated
with blood)
Category No. 7 Solid wastes Microwaving multiwaving
(wastes generated from mutilation shredding, disinfection
disposal items other than by chemical treatment
sharps such as tubing,
catheres , intravenous sets
etc.)

9. • Came into force on 28th July, 1998.
• Prescribed by ministry of environment & forests,
under the Environment Protection Act of India.
• This rule applies to those who generate, collect,
receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical
waste in any manner.

11. The Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) like the Pune Municipal Corporation has outsourced the
organic and non-organic bio-medical waste to passco Environmental Solutions Private Limited..
Yashwant Rao Chavan Memorable hospital & D .Y . Patil hospital and research centre have registered them with
the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation and have been availing the common bio-medical waste treatment
facility on a daily basis .Segregation is done at the source of generation by the users . Each patient area, whether in-
patient department (IPD) and out-patient department (OPD), has been provided with bio-medical waste is
systematically added to the respective colour- coded bags .Whereas YCMH is considered to be the collection centre of
these wastes. All the labs, nursing homes, biotechnology institutes, research labs, blood banks, dispensaries etc,
collect their and submit it to hospital waste management yard in YCMH where the collection of these wastes are
done on daily basis by a private company named Passco Environmental Solutions Private Limited. According to
Passco there are 297 hospitals and nearly 1500 dispensaries and clinics under the jurisdiction of PCMC, which have
been generating a large quantity of bio-medical waste everyday . The registered hospitals and clinics in Pimpri
Chinchwad Generate 700 to 750 kgs bio-medical waste daily. Two mini-trucks from the company visit the hospitals
and clinics which are registered with the company every day and collect the bio-medical waste and transport it to the
incinerator at the Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital in Pimpri for disposal

12. Every day it collects, segregates & disposes a massive 2,850s
kg bio-medical waste at 370 points, “Bio-medical waste
disposal facilities at both the places are equipped with
incinerators & pollution-controlling wet venture scrubber,
waste autoclave, waste shredder, gas monitoring device,
effluent treatment plant & computerization.”
“The company is very particular about processing this bio-
medical waste within 48 hours of its collection. Since they
have taken ISO certification, they have to maintain the
norms & standards. Even the ash left behind after
incinerating the waste in dumped safely at the
Ranjangaon.The steel surgical parts that cannot be burnt,
too are dumped safely at the Ranjangaon bio-medical
dumping site.”

15. • Other patients attending the health care facilities.
•Medical & paramedical person providing health care.
• Persons involved in collecting & disposing the waste
material.
• Those involved in clearing the instruments, floor
surfaces &washing of glass wares & linen.
• If potentially waste gets mixed with solid waste from
other activities the entire chain of workers/persons
involved in solid disposal.