1. History and Background

2.  A test assessing personality traits and
conflicts, in which the subject

3.  Carl Jung
He was a Swiss psychiatrist, an influential
thinker and the founder of analytical
psychology. Jung is considered as the first
modern psychologist to state that the human
psyche is "by nature religious" and to explore
it in depth.

4.  Francis Galton
• African Explorer and elected Fellow in the Royal
Geographic Society
• Creator of the first weather maps and establisher
of the meteorological theory of anticyclones
• Coined term "eugenics" and phrase "nature versus
nurture"
• Developed statistical concepts of correlation and
regression to the mean
• Discovered that fingerprints were an index of
personal identity and persuaded Scotland Yard to
adopt a fingerprinting system
• First to utilize the survey as a method for data
collection
• Produced over 340 papers and books throughout
his lifetime
• Knighted in 1909

5.  Word association was first developed as a
research instrument by Francis Galton and
was subsequently developed by Carl Jung as a
clinical diagnostic tool.
 Galton introduced the first word-association
test to psychology. He used a list of 75
stimulus words with which he read and noted
his responses. Galton, who thought that there
might be a link between a person's I.Q.
(intelligence quotient) and word associations.

6.  Word association is connected with the
work that Carl Gustav Jung was engaged in
at the Burghölzli Psychiatric Clinic of the
University of Zurich in the early stages of
his career (Jung, 1917/1926/1943). Under
the directorship of Eugen Bleuler, the
Burghölzli Psychiatric Clinic was an
international center of excellence in
psychiatric research at the turn of the
century. Jung became director of research
on the Word Association Test.

7.  This test usually consisted of a hundred
stimulus words that were read out singly to
a subject who was to "answer as quickly as
possible with the first word that occurs to
you.”
Thank you
-Jamaica Manibug

10. Administering a word-association
test is relatively uncomplicated.
A subject is asked to respond with
the first word or idea that comes to
mind.
The table has three columns: the
test word, reaction time and patients
– response.

11. Jung's Word
Association
Test

12. Jung's first English
language papers on the
subject is taken from his
lecture notes at Clark
University in Massachusetts
in September, 1909.

13. Jung presents his method of
using 100 words.
Identify abnormal patterns
of response as a means to
identify psychological
complexes, along with what he
calls "intellectual and emotional
deficiencies."

14. Methods
1. Patients Instructions
"We're now going to do a word
association test. This test contains
100 words. After I say each word,
I'll be expecting you to respond with
a word. I want you to answer as
quickly as possible with the first
word that occurs to your mind."

15. 2. Recording the results
The table has three columns:
test word, reaction time, and
patient-response.
Record the number of seconds
of the delayed response.

16. 3. Reproduction
The reproduction method
was invented by Jung to
"fine-tune“, " the
accuracy of examiner
identified complexes.

17. Types of Reproduction Disturbance
False Unrelated Recall
False Related Recall
No Recall
Delay in Recall
Partial Recall
Spontaneously corrected False Recall

18. 4. Interpretation
5. Re-writing
6. Final Thoughts

19. ****END****
-Alexis Mirabueno

21.  : a test of personality and mental function in
which the subject is required to respond to
each of a series of words with the first word
that comes to mind or with a word of a
specified class of words.

23. Generally, a list of words (stimuli) is given to subjects
(either in writing or in oral form). The subjects are asked to
respond with the first word that comes into their mind
(responses).

24. Dog 49, mouse 8, black 4, animal 2, eyes, gut, kitten,
tom 2, bit, Cheshire, claw, claws, enigma, feline, furry,
hearth, house, kin, kittens, milk, pet, pussy, todd 1
(of 100 people asked)

25.  Scoring are not scores in the sense we
use scores on other test.
◦ (a beginner in the field may prefer to score
them for his own sake, because test scores
help in accumulating and systemizing
experience.)

27. Blocking
Object Naming
Definitions
Attempted Definitions
Repetitions

28. Partial Repetitions
Clang Association
Phrase Completion
Close reaction proper
Attributes

29. Images
Suspected
Self- References

31. Perseveration
*Repeating the same reaction on most or
all stimulus words having some link
between them
*Reacting to stimulus word with a word
appropriate to the previous stimulus
word
*Reacting to a stimulus word with a word
appropriate to the previous reaction
word

32. Unrelated reaction
Distant reaction
Mildly distant reaction
Neologisms
Affective reactions

33. Alternatives
Proper nouns
Vulgar reaction
Mishearing of stimulus word
Not knowing the stimulus
word

36. 1. Blocking
 Shows it’s greatest incidence in deteriorated
unclassified schizophrenics and in inhibited
pre schizophrenics.
2. Object Naming
• Occur occasionally in depressive psychotics
and inhibited schizophrenics.
3. Repetition and Partial Repetition
• Occur most frequently in acute or
deteriorated unclassified schizophrenics
and in inhibited pre schizophrenics.

37. 4. Definitions and Attempted Definitions
 Occur with a very high incidence in
depressives and deteriorated unclassified
schizophrenics.
5. Closed Reaction Proper
• Outstandingly often encountered in simple
schizophrenia.
6. Self - References
• Occur at times chronic and deteriorated
unclassified schizophrenics and depressive
neurotics.

38. 7. Perseverations
 Crop up in chronic schizophrenics, acute
paranoid schizophrenics, and simple
schizophrenics; also in over ideational pre
schizophrenics and mixed neurotics.
8. Clang Associations
• Present in schizophrenics and pre
schizophrenics; most in ideational are pre –
schizophrenics and least acute in
schizophrenia.

39. 9. Phrase Completion
 Occurs most in chronic unclassified
schizophrenia, acute paranoid schizophrenia,
and over ideational pre schizophrenia.
10. Images and Suspected Images
• Occur most often in pre schizophrenics and
obsessive – compulsive.

40. 11. Attributes
 Appear at a maximum in chronic and
deteriorated schizophrenics, and are also
paranoid in conditions.
12. Unrelated Reactions
• Are commonest in deteriorated classified
schizophrenics.

41. 14. Mildly distant reactions
• Occur most often in simple schizophrenics,
but also in depressive psychotics.
15. Multiword reactions
• Have by far the highest frequency
deteriorated unclassified schizophrenics
followed by acute unclassified
schizophrenics.

42. 16. Emotional reactions
 They turn up most frequently in the test of
over ideational pre schizophrenics and acute
unclassified schizophrenics.
17. Alternate reactions
• Are not often given except by some
schizophrenics.
18. Vulgar responses
• Are most prevalent in men of relatively
little education and limited cultural
background.

43. 19. Subtotal of close reactions
• Characterized by depression with some
incidence of schizophrenia also.