The following presentation discusses high-performance buildings today and in the future. Current and future codes are discussed as well as implications to the LEED rating system. The last part of the presentation focuses on the inefficiencies in the design-bid-build process and discusses how high-performance buildings will be the result of integrative design.
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Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on
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material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related
to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the
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Building Momentum Group, LLC 2010
5. Presentation Goals
• Define High-Performance Buildings
• Bridge the Technical Gap Between Architect and Engineer
• Demonstrate the Value of Collaboration in"
High-Performance Building Design
6. What is a High-Performance Building?
• Perform better than code minimum
• Address ALL building characteristics
• Site
• Water
• Energy
• Materials
• Indoor Environment
• Occupant Productivity
• Operation
• Limit Detrimental Impact
8. A More Efficient Code Minimum
Energy Code
Basis
Efficiency Gain
IECC 2006
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004
40% over 1999
IECC 2009
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007
30% over 2004*
IECC 2012
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
30% over 2007**
*Source: NREL
**IECC likely to adopt when released
• All State Energy Codes Must Be Equivalent To ASHRAE
Standard 90.1-2004 By December 30, 2010 (Source: U.S. DOE)
• 90.1 Efficiency Increasing With Every Three Years
10. Compliance Paths
Prescriptive
Comply With Mandatory
Envelope Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Mechanical Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Lighting Requirements
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
Performance
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
1. Energy Cost Budget
2. Appendix G
Energy Model
12. Walls Defined
metal building wall: a wall whose structure consists of
metal spanning members supported by steel structural
members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal
panels in curtain wall systems).
mass wall: a wall with an HC exceeding (1) 7 Btu/ft2·°F
or (2) 5 Btu/ft2·°F, provided that the wall has a material
unit weight not greater than 120 lb/ft3.
steel-framed wall: a wall with a cavity (insulated
or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by
steel framing members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and
curtain wall systems).
wood-framed and other walls: all other wall
types, including wood stud walls.
15. Fenestration Assemblies
• Assembly is a weighted factor between
• Center of Glass
• Edge of Glass
• Frame
• Typical glass manufacturers list “center of glass” only
• With Curtain Wall manufacturers
• Request calculated assembly U-Values
• Request calculated assembly SHGC
• Request calculated/test infiltration rate
• Engineer requires “assembly u-value” for load & energy models
• Engineer can calculate these values
17. Compliance Paths
Prescriptive
Comply With Mandatory
Envelope Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Mechanical Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Lighting Requirements
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
Performance
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
1. Energy Cost Budget
2. Appendix G
Energy Model
Appendix G
For
LEED Projects
18. Percent Glazing Example
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
(10^6BTU/year)
Heat Rejection
Pumps
Cooling
Heating - Gas
Heating Electric
Fans
Lights
Receptacles
Base Utilities
Baseline: 40% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
% above baseline
Run 1: 50% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
4.9%
Run 2: 60% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
10.1%
Run 3: 70% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
15.4%
Run 4: 50% Glass (U=0.4, SC=0.46)
0.5%
Run 5: 60% Glass (U=0.4, SC=0.46)
3.1%
Run 6: 70% Glass (U=0.4, SC=0.46)
6.9%
19. Typical Office Building Energy Consumption
Lighting
22%
Other
7%
Ventilation
7%
Space Heating
6%
Water Heating
1%
Refrigeration
1%
Cooking
1%
Cooling
29%
Office Equipment
26%
20. LEED EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance
LEED System
Basis
% Better
Than 90.1
Version 2.2
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004
14%
Version 3
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007
10%
• Proposed Building Energy Cost ($) Must Be Less Than Baseline Model
• ~16% Increase In Performance Between Version 2.2 & Version 3
21. • Advanced Energy Design Guides
• Prescriptive Guide Written For Small Buildings
• Free Download
• ASHRAE Standard 189.1
• Created By USGBC & ASHRAE
• Formatted Similar To LEED But Written For Code
• International Green Construction Code
• High-Performance Model Building Code (release date 2012)
High-Performance Building Code
22. Back To The Future
• Standard 90.1: Baseline Code
• AEDG: Prescriptive High-Performance for Small Buildings
• Standard 189.1: High-Performance for Commercial Buildings
Graphic adapted from ASHRAE Vision 2020
23. Conventional Project Delivery Is Delivering Waste
• Project Team Members Working In Silos
• High-Performance Synergies Lost In-between Trades
• High-Performance Lost By “De-Value Engineering”
Architect
Mechanical Engineer
Electrical Engineer
Plumbing Engineer
24. MEP’s Role In The Conventional Design Process
Conceptual
Design
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Bidding
Construction
MEP is typically
engaged during SD
phase
Most of the MEP
work is done
during CD’s
Ongoing Operations
& Maintenance
LEED Energy
Model
26. Energy Modeling Process
Conceptual Modeling
• Programming/Discovery Phase
Parametric Modeling
• SD Phase
Load Modeling
• DD Phase
Compliance Modeling
• Late in DD or early CD Phase
Predictive/Incentive Modeling
• CD Phase
Measurement & Verification
• Post Construction
27. What is Conceptual Modeling?
Optimize Orientation for Daylighting, Wind,
Thermal Massing etc.
Determine Optimal Site Specific
Synergies Between Building Systems
Big Picture Comparisons Between Different
Building Forms & Orientations
28. What is Parametric Modeling?
Conduct a Life Cycle Value Assessment & Reduce, Reduce, Reduce!
Compare Building Systems Options
HVAC
Lighting
Controls Strategies
Compare Envelope Options
Massing
Insulation
Fenestration
Identify the Most Promising Energy-Reduction Strategies.
30. Don’t Assume High-Performance
• MEP’s Will Make Conservative “Rule-of-Thumb”
Assumptions Unless Provided With Actual Performance
Information
• MEP’s Will Apply Safety Factors to Those Assumptions
• Conservative Assumptions and Safety Factors Lead to
Under-Performing and Over-Priced Buildings
31. Tools for High-Performance Design
• Building Information Modeling (BIM)
• Good For Coordination
• Increases Information Flow
• Does Not Reduce Design Time
• Requires Integrated Project Delivery To Be Of Real Value
• Energy Modeling
• Most Valuable When Performed Early
• Tool for Making Important Design Decisions
• Commissioning
• Necessary from Concept to Completion
33. Learning Objectives
Sustainable Design Intent & Innovation
Integrated Project Delivery: The Future of Construction
Building Form: Conceptual Modeling Crucial
Energy Modeling: A Team Activity
Rightsizing Equipment: Crucial for High-Performance
34. Resources
ASHRAE www.ashrae.org
Building EQ www.buildingeq.com
Building Momentum Group www.bmgsc.com
Energy Codes www.energycodes.gov
Engineering for Sustainability www.engineeringforsustainability.org
ENERGY STAR www.energystar.gov
International Green Construction Cod www.iccsafe.org/cs/IGCC/
Net-Zero Commercial Initiative www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial_initiative/design.html
U.S. Department of Energy www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
USGBC www.usgbc.org
35. Questions?
This concludes the American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems
Program
Chicago . 866.790.2744 . bmgsc.com