ESS Topic 3 - Human Populations, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use

1. HUMAN POPULATION, CARRYING CAPACITY & RESOURCE USE Topic 3 By Peter Stanley, International School of Tanganyika, 2008

2. HUMAN POPULATION, CARRYING CAPACITY & RESOURCE USE Topic 3 By Peter Stanley, International School of Tanganyika, 2008

3. 3.1 POPULATION DYNAMICS © Peter Stanley, 2009

4. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3)

8. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth:

9. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296

10. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially?

11. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources

12. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land)

13. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution

14. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution • more hosts for disease outbreaks

15. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution • more hosts for disease outbreaks What are the limiting factors that may eventually stem our growth?

16. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution • more hosts for disease outbreaks What are the limiting factors that may eventually stem our growth? • Shortage of food

17. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution • more hosts for disease outbreaks What are the limiting factors that may eventually stem our growth? • Shortage of food • Disease

18. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution • more hosts for disease outbreaks What are the limiting factors that may eventually stem our growth? • Shortage of food • Disease • Pollution

19. 3.1.1 Exponential growth “Describe the nature and explain the implications of exponential growth in human populations.” (3) Rapid, increasing growth: 22=4... 42=16... 162=256... 2562=65,536...65,5362=4,294,967,296 What are the implication of our population growing exponentially? • Using resources • War (water, oil, food, land) • Pollution • more hosts for disease outbreaks What are the limiting factors that may eventually stem our growth? • Shortage of food • Disease • Pollution • Shortage of space (territory) factors

20. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

21. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

24. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

25. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

26. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

27. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

28. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

29. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) If... Tanzania has a pop. of 1,000,000 and 15,000 are born last year... what was the CBR? click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

30. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) If... Tanzania has a pop. of 1,000,000 and 15,000 are born last year... what was the CBR? 15,000 CBR = 1,000,000 1000 click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

31. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) If... Tanzania has a pop. of 1,000,000 and 15,000 are born last year... what was the CBR? 15,000 CBR = 1,000,000 1000 CBR = 15 click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

32. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) If... Tanzania has a pop. of 1,000,000 and 15,000 If... Afganistan has a growth rate of 4.8%, how are born last year... what was the CBR? long will it take for the population to double? 15,000 CBR = 1,000,000 1000 CBR = 15 click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

33. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) If... Tanzania has a pop. of 1,000,000 and 15,000 If... Afganistan has a growth rate of 4.8%, how are born last year... what was the CBR? long will it take for the population to double? 15,000 CBR 70 = Doubling Time = 1,000,000 1000 4.8 CBR = 15 click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

34. 3.1.2 Calculating population changes “Calculate and explain, from given data, the values of crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate.” (3) • Crude birth rate (CBR): natality (births) per 1000 people • Crude death rate (CDR): deaths per 1000 people • Fertility: number of children per woman in her lifetime • Doubling time: how long it takes for population to double • 70 / overall growth rate (it’s a math thing...) • Natural increase rate: (CBR-CDR) ÷ 10 (migration not included!) If... Tanzania has a pop. of 1,000,000 and 15,000 If... Afganistan has a growth rate of 4.8%, how are born last year... what was the CBR? long will it take for the population to double? 15,000 CBR 70 = Doubling Time = 1,000,000 1000 4.8 CBR = 15 14.5 years click to read more about this subject click to ﬁnd the data on any country

35. Data Analysis

36. World birth rates ranked from highest to lowest

37. World birth rates ranked from highest to lowest 1 Democratic Republic of the 52 Haiti 27.9 104 Saint Lucia 19.1 149 Australia 12.4 Congo 49.6 53 Honduras 7.9 2 105 Vietnam 18.8 150 Martinique 2 Guinea-Bissau 49.6 54 Zimbabwe 27.9 106 Colombia 18.7 ( France) 12.4 3 Liberia 49.6 55 Bolivia 27.3 107 Indonesia 18.7 151 Cyprus 12.2 4 Niger 49.0 56 Tajikistan 27.3 108 Bhutan 18.5 152 France 5 Afghanistan 48.2 57 Pakistan 27.2 109 Guam ( United (metropolitan) 12.2 6 Mali 48.1 58 Laos 26.8 States) 18.5 153 United Kingdom 12.0 7 Angola 47.3 59 Syria 26.7 110 Mongolia 18.4 154 Norway 12.0 8 Burundi 47.1 60 Cambodia 26.4 111 Turkey 18.4 155 Luxembourg 11.5 9 Uganda 46.6 61 Jordan 25.9 112 French Polynesia 156 Moldova 11.4 10 Sierra Leone 46.2 62 Federated States of ( France) 18.3 157 Sweden 11.3 11 Chad 45.5 Micronesia 25.9 113 Lebanon 18.2 158 Denmark 11.2 12 Rwanda 44.5 63 Philippines 25.8 114 Myanmar 18.2 159 Finland 11.2 13 Burkina Faso 44.0 64 Gabon 25.7 115 Grenada 18.0 160 Netherlands 11.1 14 Somalia 42.9 65 Namibia 25.7 116 Réunion ( France) 18.0 161 Barbados 11.0 15 Timor-Leste 42.1 66 Tonga 25.6 117 Kuwait 17.9 162 Republic of 16 Malawi 40.7 67 Belize 25.2 118 Costa Rica 17.8 Macedonia 10.9 17 Benin 40.2 68 Botswana 24.9 119 Argentina 17.5 163 Estonia 10.8 18 Nigeria 39.9 69 Nicaragua 24.9 120 Bahrain 17.1 164 Georgia 10.8 19 Guinea 39.8 70 Saudi Arabia 24.9 121 Guyana 17.1 165 Spain 10.8 20 Mozambique 39.5 71 Bangladesh 24.8 122 Bahamas 16.9 166 Russia 10.7 21 Eritrea 39.3 72 Paraguay 24.8 123 Tunisia 16.7 167 Portugal 10.5 22 Zambia 39.3 73 Samoa 24.7 124 New Caledonia 168 Belgium 10.4 23 Kenya 39.2 74 Egypt 24.2 ( France) 16.4 169 Canada 10.3 24 Tanzania 39.0 75 French Guiana 125 Albania 16.3 170 Cuba 10.3 25 Equatorial Guinea 38.5 ( France) 23.9 126 Azerbaijan 16.2 171 Slovakia 10.0 26 Yemen 38.3 76 Dominican 127 Qatar 16.2 172 Malta 9.8 27 Ethiopia 38.2 Republic 23.5 128 United Arab 173 Romania 9.8 28 Togo 36.8 77 Libya 23.4 Emirates 16.2 174 Poland 9.5 29 Madagascar 36.4 78 Maldives 23.4 129 Ireland 15.5 175 Channel Islands ( United 30 Central African 79 Western Sahara 23.3 130 Uruguay 15.1 Kingdom) 9.4 Republic 36.1 80 India 23.0 131 Chile 15.0 176 Belarus 9.4 31 Palestinian 81 El Salvador 22.8 132 Sri Lanka 15.0 177 Greece 9.3 territories 35.9 82 Uzbekistan 22.6 133 Mauritius 14.8 178 Hungary 9.3 32 Côte d'Ivoire 35.3 83 South Africa 22.3 134 Guadeloupe 179 South Korea 9.3 33 Senegal 35.2 84 Oman 22.1 ( France) 14.8 180 Latvia 9.3 34 Republic of the 85 Kyrgyzstan 21.8 135 Trinidad and 181 Austria 9.2 Congo 35.1 86 Turkmenistan 21.8 Tobago 14.8 182 Czech Republic 9.2 35 Gambia 34.9 87 Brunei 21.5 136 Thailand 14.6 183 Italy 9.2 36 Cameroon 34.5 88 Venezuela 21.4 137 Iceland 14.3 184 Switzerland 9.2 37 Comoros 33.4 89 Fiji 21.1 138 Aruba 185 Ukraine 9.2 38 Guatemala 33.2 90 Ecuador 21.0 ( Netherlands) 14.1 186 Lithuania 9.1 39 Mauritania 32.5 91 Peru 20.9 139 United States 14.0 187 Croatia 9.0 40 São Tomé and 92 Algeria 20.8 140 New Zealand 13.7 188 Slovenia 9.0 Príncipe 32.4 93 Panama 20.8 141 Montenegro 13.6 189 Bulgaria 8.9 41 Iraq 31.7 94 Malaysia 20.6 142 U.S. Virgin Islands ( United 190 Bosnia and 42 Sudan 31.5 95 Morocco 20.5 States) 13.4 Herzegovina 8.8 43 Solomon Islands 30.5 96 Iran 20.3 143 Puerto Rico ( United 191 Japan 8.3 44 Ghana 29.6 97 Saint Vincent and the States) 13.3 192 Germany 8.2 45 Papua New Guinea 29.6 Grenadines 20.1 144 North Korea 13.2 193 Singapore 8.2 46 Lesotho 29.0 98 Jamaica 19.9 145 People's Republic of China 194 Hong Kong ( People's Republic of 47 Cape Verde 28.9 99 Israel 19.7 (mainland only) 13.1 China) 7.6 48 Vanuatu 28.8 100 Kazakhstan 19.7 146 Serbia 12.8 195 Macau ( People's Republic of 49 Djibouti 28.7 101 Suriname 19.5 147 Armenia 12.5 China) 7.6 50 Swaziland 28.5 102 Mexico 19.3 148 Netherlands 51 Nepal 28.1 103 Brazil 19.2 Antilles 12.5

38. 3.1.3.a. Demographic transition models “Analyze age/sex pyramids and diagrams showing demographic transition models.” (3) source: http://geographyﬁeldwork.com/PopulationStructure.htm

39. 3.1.3.a. Demographic transition models “Analyze age/sex pyramids and diagrams showing demographic transition models.” (3) les source: http://geographyﬁeldwork.com/PopulationStructure.htm se co no m ica lly de ve lo pe d co un tr y (L ED C s)

40. 3.1.3.a. Demographic transition models s) C “Analyze age/sex pyramids and diagrams showing demographic transition models.” (3) ED (M y les tr source: http://geographyﬁeldwork.com/PopulationStructure.htm un se co co no d pe m lo ica ve lly de de lly ve ica lo om pe d on co ec un e tr or y m (L ED C s)

53. 3.1.3.b. Demographic transition models “Analyze age/sex pyramids and diagrams showing demographic transition models.” (3) source image 1: http://www.geographyalltheway.com/igcse_geography/population_settlement/population/demographic_transition.htm source image 2: http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_Geography/0198606737.demographic-transition.1.jpg

56. 3.1.4 Using models to make predictions “Discuss the use of models in predicting the growth of human populations.” (3)

64. Assignment: Population power point In pairs, create a power point (with a maximum of: 3 slides with 6 lines of text per page) about your assigned country. Include the following: • Age/sex pyramid • Stage in a demographic transition model • Explanation and calculate of: crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility, doubling time and natural increase rate. Also, be prepared to answer questions like these... Sample Questions: 1. Is the population of your country increasing or decreasing? What is the major factor contributing to this change? 2. What do you think the population of your region will be in 2020? Justify your prediction. 3. What might be some of the implications for health care, education and economy in your country? 4. If you were the premier of this country, why might you want to reverse the trend in one of the components of population? What policies might you implement to reverse this trend? 5. What policies are currently being used (anywhere) to affect one of the components of population? DUE:

65. 3.2 RESOURCES: NATURAL CAPITAL By Peter Stanley, International School of Tanganyika, 2008

66. 3.2.1 Natural capital “Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.” (3)

67. 3.2.1 Natural capital “Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.” (3) • Ecological goods anything nature produces and we use and/or make money from (commodities like timber, grain, coffee, gold, water, etc.)

68. 3.2.1 Natural capital “Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.” (3) • Ecological goods anything nature produces and we use and/or make money from (commodities like timber, grain, coffee, gold, water, etc.) • Ecological services nature provides a service to us (erosion protection from forests)

69. 3.2.1 Natural capital “Explain the concept of resources in terms of natural income.” (3) • Ecological goods anything nature produces and we use and/or make money from (commodities like timber, grain, coffee, gold, water, etc.) • Ecological services nature provides a service to us (erosion protection from forests) • “resources”

73. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1)

74. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital

75. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital • Self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems)

76. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital • Self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems) • Needs solar energy

77. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital • Self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems) • Needs solar energy • can be sold/marketed (wood, ethanol, food)

78. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital • Self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems) • Needs solar energy • can be sold/marketed (wood, ethanol, food) • but some give essential services when left alone

79. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital • Self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems) • Needs solar energy • can be sold/marketed (wood, ethanol, food) • but some give essential services when left alone • elephants (habitat maintenance - NO IVORY!)

80. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Renewable natural capital • Self-producing (living) and self-maintaining (ecosystems) • Needs solar energy • can be sold/marketed (wood, ethanol, food) • but some give essential services when left alone • elephants (habitat maintenance - NO IVORY!) • forests (local temperature and water ﬁltration)

91. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) ﬁnish Tuesday... Watch Movie slide 12 after the test.

92. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Replenishable natural capital ﬁnish Tuesday... Watch Movie slide 12 after the test.

93. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Replenishable natural capital • is non-living but is also often dependent on the solar “engine” for renewal ﬁnish Tuesday... Watch Movie slide 12 after the test.

94. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Replenishable natural capital • is non-living but is also often dependent on the solar “engine” for renewal • groundwater ﬁnish Tuesday... Watch Movie slide 12 after the test.

95. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Replenishable natural capital • is non-living but is also often dependent on the solar “engine” for renewal • groundwater • wind ﬁnish Tuesday... Watch Movie slide 12 after the test.

96. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Replenishable natural capital • is non-living but is also often dependent on the solar “engine” for renewal • groundwater • wind ﬁnish Tuesday... • ozone layer Watch Movie slide 12 after the test.

103. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1)

104. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Non-renewable natural capital

105. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Non-renewable natural capital • inventories, any use implies liquidating part of the stock

106. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Non-renewable natural capital • inventories, any use implies liquidating part of the stock • minerals

107. 3.2.2 Renewable, replenishable and non-renewable “Deﬁne the terms renewable, replenishable and non‑renewable natural capital.” (1) Non-renewable natural capital • inventories, any use implies liquidating part of the stock • minerals • fossil fuel

116. 3.2.3 Dynamic nature of resources “Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.” (3)

117. 3.2.3 Dynamic nature of resources “Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.” (3) Inﬂuencing the status of a resource over time and space

118. 3.2.3 Dynamic nature of resources “Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.” (3) Inﬂuencing the status of a resource over time and space • Cultural, Economic, Technological

119. 3.2.3 Dynamic nature of resources “Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.” (3) Inﬂuencing the status of a resource over time and space • Cultural, Economic, Technological • sounds like “environmental value systems”

120. 3.2.3 Dynamic nature of resources “Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.” (3) Inﬂuencing the status of a resource over time and space • Cultural, Economic, Technological • sounds like “environmental value systems” • Uranium... nuclear tech...value increases... Chernobyl... support decreases...

121. 3.2.3 Dynamic nature of resources “Explain the dynamic nature of the concept of a resource.” (3) Inﬂuencing the status of a resource over time and space • Cultural, Economic, Technological • sounds like “environmental value systems” • Uranium... nuclear tech...value increases... Chernobyl... support decreases... • What about ethanol, oil, solar... discuss the following cartoons

133. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3)

134. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3) The “inward” value of nature regardless of it’s use to humans.

135. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3) The “inward” value of nature regardless of it’s use to humans. • includes ethical, spriritual and philosophical perspective

136. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3) The “inward” value of nature regardless of it’s use to humans. • includes ethical, spriritual and philosophical perspective • hard to quantify

137. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3) The “inward” value of nature regardless of it’s use to humans. • includes ethical, spriritual and philosophical perspective • hard to quantify • Some ideas include: ‘biodiversity’ and ‘rate of depletion’

138. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3) The “inward” value of nature regardless of it’s use to humans. • includes ethical, spriritual and philosophical perspective • hard to quantify • Some ideas include: ‘biodiversity’ and ‘rate of depletion’ • How would you debate aesthetic value with an economist?

139. 3.2.4 Intrinsic value of environment “Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value.” (3) The “inward” value of nature regardless of it’s use to humans. • includes ethical, spriritual and philosophical perspective • hard to quantify • Some ideas include: ‘biodiversity’ and ‘rate of depletion’ • How would you debate aesthetic value with an economist? • health beneﬁts? societal well being?

140. 3.2.5 Sustainability “Explain the concept of sustainability in terms of natural capital and natural income.” (3) image source: http://www.sustainablescale.org/

141. 3.2.5 Sustainability “Explain the concept of sustainability in terms of natural capital and natural income.” (3) • “Living on the ‘interest’ or sustainable income generated by natural capital.” image source: http://www.sustainablescale.org/

142. 3.2.5 Sustainability “Explain the concept of sustainability in terms of natural capital and natural income.” (3) • “Living on the ‘interest’ or sustainable income generated by natural capital.” • using and maintaining resources (goods and services) wisely, not depleting them. image source: http://www.sustainablescale.org/

143. 3.2.5 Sustainability “Explain the concept of sustainability in terms of natural capital and natural income.” (3) • “Living on the ‘interest’ or sustainable income generated by natural capital.” • using and maintaining resources (goods and services) wisely, not depleting them. • put it all in a sentence... (natural income, natural capital, sustainability). image source: http://www.sustainablescale.org/

144. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3)

145. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition...

146. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987)

147. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987) • In other words... maximizing economic production must now be constrained

148. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987) • In other words... maximizing economic production must now be constrained • depends on:

149. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987) • In other words... maximizing economic production must now be constrained • depends on: • reducing ecological distruction

150. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987) • In other words... maximizing economic production must now be constrained • depends on: • reducing ecological distruction • improving material quality of life of worlds poor

151. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987) • In other words... maximizing economic production must now be constrained • depends on: • reducing ecological distruction • improving material quality of life of worlds poor TED Video: “Inspired ideas...” Alex Steffen

152. 3.2.6 Sustainable development “Discuss the concept of sustainable development.” (3) Come up with a your own deﬁnition... • First deﬁnition was: “Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (The Brundtland Report, UN, 1987) • In other words... maximizing economic production must now be constrained • depends on: • reducing ecological distruction • improving material quality of life of worlds poor TED Video: “Inspired ideas...” Alex Steffen TED Video: “Sustainable City” Jaime Lerner

154. What does this map tell us?

155. What does this map tell us? Who uses the resources/energy?

156. What does this map tell us? Who uses the resources/energy? Who has the resources?

157. What does this map tell us? Who uses the resources/energy? Who has the resources? lights require electricity... requires resources... requires money to access and reﬁne/convert

158. What does this map tell us? Who uses the resources/energy? Who has the resources? lights require electricity... requires resources... requires money to access and reﬁne/convert Is this sustainable at a country level? Is this sustainable at a global level?

159. 3.2.7 Sustainable yield “Calculate and explain sustainable yield from given data.” (3)

160. 3.2.7 Sustainable yield “Calculate and explain sustainable yield from given data.” (3) • rate of increase in natural capital

161. 3.2.7 Sustainable yield “Calculate and explain sustainable yield from given data.” (3) • rate of increase in natural capital • what we can use without exploiting the stock

162. 3.2.7 Sustainable yield “Calculate and explain sustainable yield from given data.” (3) • rate of increase in natural capital • what we can use without exploiting the stock • ie. annual sustainable yield for a given crop can be estimated as the annual gain......below....

163. to sustainability and economic gro 3.2.7 Sustainable yield Rio Earth Summit (1992) leading to Int: International summits on sust development have highlighted th involved in economic developmen “Calculate and explain sustainable yield from given data.” (3) globe, yet the viewpoints of enviro and economists may be very diffe 3.2.7 Calculate and explain sustainable 3 Sustainable yield (SY) may be calc • rate of increase in natural capital yield from given data. rate of increase in natural capital, t • what we can use without exploiting the stock which can be exploited without d original stock or its potential for re • ie. annual sustainable yield for a given crop can For example, the annual sustainab a given crop may be estimated sim be estimated as the annual gain......below.... annual gain in biomass or energy and recruitment. See figures 1 and Figure 1 total biomass total biomass SY = at time t + 1 – at time t Equations from the energy energy syllabus Figure 2 SY = (annual growth and recruitment) – (annual death and emigration)

ESS Topic 3 - Human Populations, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use

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