Presentation given during the JISC Usability and User-Centred Design (UCD) day; JISC Usability and Faceted Search day. https://www.wiki.ed.ac.uk/display/UX2/Wiki

2. Outline User experience, usability, user-centred design Faceted search user interface Highlights from the JISC UX2 Project: Usability and Contemporary User Experience in Digital Libraries

5. Digital Library - Examples World Digital Library 12/2/09 Usability and Contemporary User Experience in Digital Libraries

6. Web Environment “Digital library is a resource representing the intellectual substance and services of a traditional library in digital form” Putting in the human contexts, broader roles A place for solving complex problem A place for social interactions A ‘sharium’, active workspace

7. Contemporary User Experience Web 2.0 - new ways providing user interface/experience User-centric, social networking, e.g. folksonomy New technologies, UI interactions: AJAX and rich application UI Virtual (2D/3D) environment User experience – a broad term Sum of all user interactions Goes beyond giving users what they say they want Objective (e.g. functional, usability) and subjective aspects (e.g. psychology) How a user feels about a system including overall perceptions Usability and Contemporary User Experience in Digital Libraries 17/05/11

8. Implications What are the usability challenges? What are the usefulness challenges? UX2 Project attempts to answer some of these questions w.r.t. digital libraries A range of user research and usability studies, UI prototypes development 23/02/11

10. Usability, Usefulness, Appeal (Usability Week 2009)

11. Usable, Useful and Desirable (Jon Kolko 2010)

12. User experience goals: Enjoyable, satisfying, engaging, pleasurable, exciting, helpful, motivating, emotionally fulfilling, aesthetically pleasing.. Boring, frustrating, annoying, cutesy.. Source: Designing User Interfaces for Interactive Information Retrieval Systems, European Conference on Digital Libraries (2009)

13. User-Centred Design (UCD) A design process in which “the real users and their goals, not just technology, is the driving force of product development” (Rogers, Sharp, Preece) Characteristics: User research conducted early, throughout the product cycle Empirical measurement Iterative design User research and empirical measurement: personas, usability testing, prototype testing, contextual inquiry, survey, interviews, focus groups

14. User-Centred Design Similarities between UCD and agile software development methods, e.g. Scrum: “User Stories”

15. User-Centred Design Integrating UCD and agile software development to produce better quality product Lynn Miller and Desiree Sy approach Adapting Usability Investigation for Agile User-Centred Design, http://www.upassoc.org/upa_publications/jus/2007may/agile-ucd.html

16. User-Centred Design The key concepts of the Miller-Sy method: Chunking of UCD tasks (research, design, usability testing), base them around an agile implementation Progressive: low-fi to hi-fi usability testing and contextual inquiry. The Miller-Sy approach is resource intensive in terms of planning and management Two tracks -> two teams

17. User-Centred Design Fully integrated agile UCD approach: http://boonious.typepad.com/ux2/2011/03/agile-user-interface-development.html

18. Prototyping A key user-centred design activity So that users can evaluate and provide feedbacks on design before it gets implemented Various types of prototypes, not all are working software: low-fi (paper, UI wireframes), hi-fi (Ui, working software)

19. Prototyping UX2 is piloting Balsamiq, a UI prototyping tool for the JISC community, one-year pilot Try it online: https://www.wiki.ed.ac.uk/display/UX2/JISC+Balsamiq+Pilot Easy to use, collaborative – wiki use context Practical session this afternoon

20. Faceted Search A better technique for refining, narrowing (expanding) search compared to traditional methods Integrating searching and browsing seamlessly also faceted browsing, faceted navigation, guided navigation

22. Review a list of categories on a custom map (left of UI)

23. Use the categories (facets) on to refine and obtain resultsEssential component: Facets Each facet is advanced search shortcut Enable users to quickly formulate useful queries Support learning and exploration

25. Digital Library - Examples breadcrumb trail Europeana facets

26. Digital Library - Examples WDL 12/2/09 Usability and Contemporary User Experience in Digital Libraries

27. Digital Library - Examples AquaBrowser 12/2/09 Usability and Contemporary User Experience in Digital Libraries

28. 12/2/09 Usability and Contemporary User Experience in Digital Libraries

29. Facet Analysis & Design Facet design and analysis is a key requirement of faceted search provision Determine what facets are appropriate Facet terms can be mapped from metadata, e.g. library book catalogue

30. Metadata mapping CERN MARC -> Solr Fields display fields facet fields sort fields text fields (search) Others library_facet technical format (mimetype facet) fulltext (inside document) search-all ‘text’ inc. all above text fields + fulltext 23/02/11

31. Facet Analysis & Design Some sites require research efforts to derive terms (metadata not readily available) Standard user/content research methods: interviews, taxonomies and controlled vocabularies, content analysis, card sorting Types of facet: Hierarchy: continent & country, subject headings List: authors Binary: female|male; colour|black & white Range: date (last 10 years), price ($1-$10), rating (1 to 5)

32. Faceted Search Technology Two key components Custom application F/OSS: - VuFind, Blacklight Commercial: - AquaBrowser, Summon, Endeca User Interface: faceted search + other services Search infrastructure (Server) Apache Solr Repositories, Content Source: Stanford University, Digital Library Systems (OR10)

33. Introducing Blacklight Blacklight is a discovery interface for library catalogue, digital repository front-end, single-search interface Front-end for Apache Solr (similar to VuFind) UVA + Solr = UVA radiation = Blacklight!

34. Blacklight Features Faceted search User services Search history, saved search Bookmarking, folders Exports Basic login Other beta features Advanced search Date range limits

36. Active development communities

37. F/OSS community: ~1300 emails/month (dev: 800/month)

38. Commercial support: Sematext, Lucid ImaginationSimple and easy for developer to understand and install Fast and scalable: distributed search, index replication Guardian case study: http://www.guardian.co.uk/open-platform/blog/what-is-powering-the-content-api Rich and powerful features: faceted search out of the box

40. Indexing data – export documents via data import handlers

41. inc. rich document (PDF, Word etc) parsing and indexingFaceted search “Did you mean” spelling suggestion Geospatial search Auto-suggest Highlighting Natural language processing (plugin) engine ..

42. Thank you Web/blogs: http://ux2.nesc.ed.ac.uk Project wikis: http://bit.ly/ux2wiki Boon Low Lorraine Paterson boon.low@mac.comlorraine.paterson@gmail.com @boonious @lorraine_p