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Conceptual frameworks for understanding global jihadism braniff
- 1. Conceptual Frameworks for Understanding Global Jihadism Bill Braniff Executive Director, START braniff@start.umd.edu www.start.umd.edu
- 2. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Historical Context: Framing the Grievance The Salaf Crisis and Response Mongol Invasion Ibn Taymiyya Mohammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Sayyid Qutb Decline of the Ottoman Empire Post-Colonial Failures Prophet Muhammad 1. Abu Bakr 2. Umar 3. Uthman 4. Ali
- 3. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Theological Context: Situating al-Qa’ida ISLAM ISLAMISM SUNNISM VIOLENT JIHADISM FUNDAMENTALISM AQ CORE
- 4. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Political Context: The Competitive Landscape Islamism Violent Activism Local Jihadism GSPC Irredentist Jihadism LeT Global Jihadism al-Qa’ida Political Activism Hizb ut- Tahrir Muslim Brotherhood Missionary Activism Tablighi Jama’at AQIM
- 5. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Virtual Context: Landscape of the e-Jihad Media Distribution Media Production Companies Indi Blogs Key Ideologues Web Forums GIMF The Social Network Al-Fajr
- 6. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Evolution of the Global Jihad Local Jihad SE Asia North Africa Central Asia HoA Balkans Chechnya Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia AQ Associated Groups AQ Affiliated Groups AQ Core Anti-Soviet Jihad MAK est. AQ est. 1800s-1900s 1979 1988 2001 ie., ASG, LeT, GSPC ie., AQI, AQAP, AQIM AQ Inspired Global AQ Network Global 1984 2010 Irredentist Jihad Palestine Kashmir
- 7. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Conceptualizing Global Jihadism The Franchise Affiliates Networked Associated Organizations AQ Core The Idea Autonomous Adherents Adherents
- 8. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism The Franchise The Idea Associated Organizations Autonomous Adherents American Shabaab The Ummah JIS Little rock FT Dix 6 Zazi Smadi Finton Headley NoVa MAJ Hassan AQ Core Five Guys Newburgh Affiliated Organizations Networked Adherents Boyds Abdulmutallab Vinas Mehana
- 9. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Animating the Model Conflict Zone Economy Propaganda Trained Fighters Drugs $, Men, Weapons Org C Organizational Infrastructure Org B Conflict Zone 2 Conflict Zone 3 Narratives: • Othering • Victimization • Resistance
- 10. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Key Take-Aways • AQ has inherited a militant and fundamentalist ideology which surfaces at moments of crisis, which it interprets and amplifies • AQ sits on the periphery of Islam, cloaking itself in unassailable Sunni terms, but acting outside of Sunnism • AQ coexists with more popular Islamist actors with which it frequently competes at the organizational level, and sometimes collaborates with at the individual level • AQ is one (elitist) voice among a very crowded virtual landscape, making for a more populist Global Jihad • The Global Jihad is a multi-faceted and dynamic phenomenon in which AQ is one central player