Scotland is part of the United Kingdom and lies in northern Great Britain, with Edinburgh as its capital city. While Gaelic was historically spoken, most now speak Scottish English. Industries have shifted from mining and shipbuilding to oil/gas and financial services. Scotland has a long history, being originally populated by Picts and later united under Kenneth MacAlpine in the 9th century. It gained independence from England under Robert the Bruce in the 14th century, though the thrones later merged under James VI. Scotland established its own parliament in 1999 to govern domestic affairs.

1. Scotland Overview and history Madis Krinal