93. SPACE: Distribution of Features Distribution is arranged in one of three ways: density, concentration or pattern . Density: frequency with which something occurs Concentration: extent of a features spread over space. (clustered vs dispersed) Pattern: geometric arrangement of objects.
Understand these two ways and some advantages and disadvantages.
Understand these two ways and some advantages and disadvantages.
Understand general concept.
Example of WHAT is the fastest route.
Example of WHAT is the most scenic route.
A geographer or crime analyst would ask WHY is there larceny/theft occurring in these locations. For example, could these be lower income areas? More bars? Younger age group?
A health worker or epidemiologist would ask WHY is H1N1 highest in Blain county? Once the WHY is answered, then the next question would be how to address this problem. Should there be additional screening, treatment centers, more mosquito abatement programs, etc?
Same questions at the state level.
Here is a great map showing patterns of black death. Trade routes explain why black death occurred at these locations and overtime. Black death spread by diffusion…we will talk later about the different types of diffusion.
Patterns are important to recognize.
A city planner would look at these patterns. As population density increases so does traffic, urban sprawl, etc. As population density increases, what other things increases or decrease (just something to think about)?
Know these
For example, think about the dividing the U.S. into the West, mid-west, south, and east. Just about everyone will have a different mental map (cognitive map) of what states or parts of the state(s) comprise these regions.
Great mental map (cognitive map). Because a mental map is formed by ones own understandings, it will be different for everyone.
This is simply some interesting research. Do not worry about memorizing this information.
This is simply some interesting research. Do not worry about memorizing this information.
Should now what a reference map is.
Should know what a thematic map is.
Thematic map.
Thematic map. Here the spatial pattern is Hispanic or Latino Origin (shown at the county level).
Here the eastern states are the base map and the thematic overlay is the dots. Do not get overly worried about these points. The key is understanding that thematic maps show a spatial pattern.
Know the difference between qualitative and quantitative maps.
Qualitative has no numeric value associated with it. Therefore, in this map, we cannot say anything about California other than it location.
With qualitative maps we can say something numerical about the data. For example, we can way that Michigan has the highest jobless rate of all 50 states.
Have understanding of what a propaganda map is and its intent.
Know the definition of GIS
Know these four bullet points.
Simple examples to help illustrate the strengths of GIS.
Simple examples to help illustrate the strengths of GIS.
Simple examples to help illustrate the strengths of GIS.
Intended to give you an understanding of the broad range of jobs that utilize GIS. Perhaps it is something you should learn? You will not be tested on these industries.
A map created using census data and GIS.
More maps created by census data and GIS. By using this data in a map, it is very easy to “read” this data. As an interesting side note, what ethnic groups shown in these two maps have consistently high poverty levels? Indians (these deep red areas in New Mexico, Arizona, North and South Dakota are Indian reservations), Hispanics, and African Americans. These maps clearly and easily show that since the poverty rate for these ethnic groups is not improving. Why?
Epidemiologists use GIS to create maps like this one.
Interesting “heat map” showing parking citations. Why are some areas so high? Street sweeping citations.
Know definition of Place.
Understand what space is.
Know the four bullet points.
Know definition of Topophilia.
Good to have an understanding of what scale is…
Know these definitions.
Know definition.
Know these definitions.
Know these definitions.
Diffusion is important in geography and life. Understand these slides.
I will not test you on HIV diffusion theory, but you should understand what type of diffusion is occurring and why.
Again, understand this type of diffusion.
Again, understand this type of diffusion.
Again, understand this type of diffusion.
Again, understand this type of diffusion.
Know. What type of barrier exists between Canada and the U.S.?
Understand these three types of regions. Be able to identify an example of each.
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