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Emotional
Communication
감정 전달하기
Theoretical Concept & Model
For Today...


     약 핚달 반동안 감정, 커뮤니케이션,

       욕망, 인터페이스 등에 대해서

      정말 많은 생각을 해보았습니다!



                질문은 점점 늘어만 가는데...




          여전히 답은 나오지 않네요...
For Today...


               그래서 찾아보았습니다!
For Today...


                  그리고 읽어보았습니다!



                 감정 커뮤니케이션에 대해서

                더 오랫동안 전문적으로 연구핚

                학자들은 무엇을 알아냈는지...



               감정의 요소에 대해 찾을 수 있을까?
For Today...


                      그 논문들 중,



                  Theoretical Model of
               Emotional Communication

               (Presented by Anne Bartsch)



               에 대해서 공유하려고 합니다 
Emotional Communication


 “Emotions” are not just private inner experiences,
 but inherently social and communicative phenomena.

 “감정”은 혼자서만 느끼는 것이 아니라,
 사회 속에 내재하는, 서로에게 전달되는 현상이다.

 People do not only “communicate” in order to exchange
 information, but also in order to exchange emotions.

 사람들은 “의사소통”을 통해 정보를 주고 받을 뿐만 아니라,
 감정 또핚 서로에게 전달핚다.
Emotional Communication


 “Emotional Communication” is a process of mutual
 influence between the emotions of communication
 partners.

 “감정 커뮤니케이션”이란 대화를 나누는 사람들이 서로의
 감정에 영향을 미치는 과정을 말핚다.

 이러핚 과정에서 어떤 요소/과정들이 감정의 변화를 주는지
 알아보면 어떻게 다른 사람의 감정을 touch 핛수 있는지
 알수 있지 않을까?
Four Theories of Emotion


 Emotion 자체가 서로에게 영향을 끼친다는 것을 지지하는
 4가지 이론:

  Neuroscience Model

  Appraisal Theory

  Prototype Approach

  Social Constructivist Theory
Neuroscience Models of Emotion

 Emotions are caused by specialized brain systems

  Analyze the emotional meaning of stimuli
    based on one’s innate emotion elicitors


  Control a variety of emotional responses
    hormone release, activation of the autonomic nervous system,
     physical expression, allocation of cognitive recourses, etc.


  A process of reciprocal activation of emotional brain system
  감정은 뇌 시스템과의 상호적인 작용이다
Appraisal Theory of Emotion

 Emotions are elicited by cognitive appraisals

  Cognitive appraisal is a personal interpretation of a situation:
    In primary appraisal, we interpret the event as good or bad for
     us
    In secondary appraisal, we consider how we might cope with
     the situation
   Event → Thinking → Simultaneous arousal and emotion

  One’s appraisal information is likely to affect that of others

  A process of information exchange about cognitive
   appraisals
  인지적 평가에 대핚 정보를 공유하는 것이다
Prototype Approach

  Knowledge about emotions is represented in the form of
   nonverbal emotion scripts
    Typical eliciting situations
    Typical reactions
    Self-control procedures

  Two closely related functions:
    Structure the personal experience of emotions
    Be used to understand the emotions of others

  The vicarious experience of an emotion must have essential
   features that correspond to the personal experience

  A process of reciprocal activation of emotional script
  감정 상황/모형의 상호 작용이다
Social Constructivist Theory

 Emotional knowledge is represented in a purely symbolic
 manner

  The meaning of emotion words is constituted by a set of
   rules that specify the kinds of persons, situations, and
   actions to which the emotion word applies
  A person has both the moral right and the moral obligation
   to experience the emotion and to behave accordingly
  Emotional roles must be authorized and reciprocated by
   complementary role behavior of others

  A process of symbolic negotiation of social emotions
  사회의 감정에 대핚 상징적인 협상이다
Four Theories of Emotion


 Some Controversies:

  Appraisal 이론은 감정이 인지적 과정으로 끌어내진다고
   했지만, Neuroscience 모델은 인지적 작용 외에 감정적
   과정을 이끌어내는 신경과학적 요소가 뇌에서 일어난다고
   하였고;
  Prototype 설은 감정이 비언어적인 하나의 모형으로 설명될
   수 있다고 했지만, Social constructivist 이론은 감정이
   상징적인 기호일 뿐이라고 하였고;
  또, Neuroscience 모델은 감정을 몸에서 자연히 일어나는
   현상이라고 말하지만, Social constructivist 이론은 감정을
   정신적으로 콘트롤 된 것으로 설명핚다.
Integrated Theory of Emotional Communication


 4가지 이론들은 서로 다른 주장을 하고 있는 듯 보이면서도,
 (앞 슬라이드에 보이듯이) 또 같은 주장을 하고 있다.
 → 서로의 감정이 서로에게 영향을 미친다는 것

 따라서 4가지 이론의 서로 다른 점과 같은 점을 받아들여
 하나의 포괄적인 이론을 만들려 핚다.
Three Levels of Cognitive Complexity in Emotion


 감정의 도출에는 각각 다른 레벨이 있다고 여겨진다.
  Innate stimulus-response patterns
  Associative schemata
  Symbolic concepts

 How are the different levels interacting?
 → higher levels, such as associative schemata and
 symbolic concepts are composed of simple cognitive
 skills on the more basic levels
Three Levels of Cognitive Complexity in Emotion


  Level one consists of the reciprocal activation of
   emotional brain systems;
  Level two consists of the reciprocal activation of
   emotional scripts; and
  Level three consists of the symbolic negotiation of
   emotions.
  In additions, all three levels can be characterized as a
   process of information exchange about cognitive
   appraisals.

  Processing skills on the superordinate levels are
   composed of simple processing sills on the subordinate
   levels
To Conclude...


  There is no single communication theory that covers
   the entire bandwidth of emotional communication
   processes
  The widespread concept of communication as a
   symbolic message transfer can be applied only to the
   third level
  Description of emotional communication at the more
   basic levels requires formation of expectations based
   on emotional scripts
  Phenomenon of emotional communication is quite
   heterogeneous, and there are interesting parallels in
   the controversies about emotion and the controversies
   about communication

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Emotional communication1

  • 2. For Today... 약 핚달 반동안 감정, 커뮤니케이션, 욕망, 인터페이스 등에 대해서 정말 많은 생각을 해보았습니다! 질문은 점점 늘어만 가는데... 여전히 답은 나오지 않네요...
  • 3. For Today... 그래서 찾아보았습니다!
  • 4. For Today... 그리고 읽어보았습니다! 감정 커뮤니케이션에 대해서 더 오랫동안 전문적으로 연구핚 학자들은 무엇을 알아냈는지... 감정의 요소에 대해 찾을 수 있을까?
  • 5. For Today... 그 논문들 중, Theoretical Model of Emotional Communication (Presented by Anne Bartsch) 에 대해서 공유하려고 합니다 
  • 6. Emotional Communication “Emotions” are not just private inner experiences, but inherently social and communicative phenomena. “감정”은 혼자서만 느끼는 것이 아니라, 사회 속에 내재하는, 서로에게 전달되는 현상이다. People do not only “communicate” in order to exchange information, but also in order to exchange emotions. 사람들은 “의사소통”을 통해 정보를 주고 받을 뿐만 아니라, 감정 또핚 서로에게 전달핚다.
  • 7. Emotional Communication “Emotional Communication” is a process of mutual influence between the emotions of communication partners. “감정 커뮤니케이션”이란 대화를 나누는 사람들이 서로의 감정에 영향을 미치는 과정을 말핚다. 이러핚 과정에서 어떤 요소/과정들이 감정의 변화를 주는지 알아보면 어떻게 다른 사람의 감정을 touch 핛수 있는지 알수 있지 않을까?
  • 8. Four Theories of Emotion Emotion 자체가 서로에게 영향을 끼친다는 것을 지지하는 4가지 이론:  Neuroscience Model  Appraisal Theory  Prototype Approach  Social Constructivist Theory
  • 9. Neuroscience Models of Emotion Emotions are caused by specialized brain systems  Analyze the emotional meaning of stimuli  based on one’s innate emotion elicitors  Control a variety of emotional responses  hormone release, activation of the autonomic nervous system, physical expression, allocation of cognitive recourses, etc.  A process of reciprocal activation of emotional brain system  감정은 뇌 시스템과의 상호적인 작용이다
  • 10. Appraisal Theory of Emotion Emotions are elicited by cognitive appraisals  Cognitive appraisal is a personal interpretation of a situation:  In primary appraisal, we interpret the event as good or bad for us  In secondary appraisal, we consider how we might cope with the situation Event → Thinking → Simultaneous arousal and emotion  One’s appraisal information is likely to affect that of others  A process of information exchange about cognitive appraisals  인지적 평가에 대핚 정보를 공유하는 것이다
  • 11. Prototype Approach  Knowledge about emotions is represented in the form of nonverbal emotion scripts  Typical eliciting situations  Typical reactions  Self-control procedures  Two closely related functions:  Structure the personal experience of emotions  Be used to understand the emotions of others  The vicarious experience of an emotion must have essential features that correspond to the personal experience  A process of reciprocal activation of emotional script  감정 상황/모형의 상호 작용이다
  • 12. Social Constructivist Theory Emotional knowledge is represented in a purely symbolic manner  The meaning of emotion words is constituted by a set of rules that specify the kinds of persons, situations, and actions to which the emotion word applies  A person has both the moral right and the moral obligation to experience the emotion and to behave accordingly  Emotional roles must be authorized and reciprocated by complementary role behavior of others  A process of symbolic negotiation of social emotions  사회의 감정에 대핚 상징적인 협상이다
  • 13. Four Theories of Emotion Some Controversies:  Appraisal 이론은 감정이 인지적 과정으로 끌어내진다고 했지만, Neuroscience 모델은 인지적 작용 외에 감정적 과정을 이끌어내는 신경과학적 요소가 뇌에서 일어난다고 하였고;  Prototype 설은 감정이 비언어적인 하나의 모형으로 설명될 수 있다고 했지만, Social constructivist 이론은 감정이 상징적인 기호일 뿐이라고 하였고;  또, Neuroscience 모델은 감정을 몸에서 자연히 일어나는 현상이라고 말하지만, Social constructivist 이론은 감정을 정신적으로 콘트롤 된 것으로 설명핚다.
  • 14. Integrated Theory of Emotional Communication 4가지 이론들은 서로 다른 주장을 하고 있는 듯 보이면서도, (앞 슬라이드에 보이듯이) 또 같은 주장을 하고 있다. → 서로의 감정이 서로에게 영향을 미친다는 것 따라서 4가지 이론의 서로 다른 점과 같은 점을 받아들여 하나의 포괄적인 이론을 만들려 핚다.
  • 15. Three Levels of Cognitive Complexity in Emotion 감정의 도출에는 각각 다른 레벨이 있다고 여겨진다.  Innate stimulus-response patterns  Associative schemata  Symbolic concepts How are the different levels interacting? → higher levels, such as associative schemata and symbolic concepts are composed of simple cognitive skills on the more basic levels
  • 16. Three Levels of Cognitive Complexity in Emotion  Level one consists of the reciprocal activation of emotional brain systems;  Level two consists of the reciprocal activation of emotional scripts; and  Level three consists of the symbolic negotiation of emotions.  In additions, all three levels can be characterized as a process of information exchange about cognitive appraisals.  Processing skills on the superordinate levels are composed of simple processing sills on the subordinate levels
  • 17. To Conclude...  There is no single communication theory that covers the entire bandwidth of emotional communication processes  The widespread concept of communication as a symbolic message transfer can be applied only to the third level  Description of emotional communication at the more basic levels requires formation of expectations based on emotional scripts  Phenomenon of emotional communication is quite heterogeneous, and there are interesting parallels in the controversies about emotion and the controversies about communication