SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 16
1
2
February 8, 2014

3
4
February 8, 2014

5
February 8, 2014

6
February 8, 2014

7
8
9
-Sunlight should be prevented from falling directly
on papers because the sun is a
great emitter of ultraviolet rays.
-Air conditioning of the stack area round the clock
is an ideal example of maintaining
optimum temperature & humidity for the storage
of documents.
-During the summer months when the
temperature is high the windows should be
kept closed
10
-good housekeeping and maintenance of
optimum storage condition is necessary to
control the propagation of the insects.

11
-One of the best ways of controlling atmospheric
pollutants is filtering of the air
intake in to storage areas, which can be attained
by air conditioning system operating
for 24 hours throughout the year.
i. Important books and manuscripts should
kept in specially prepared containers.
ii. For carrying a large number of books trolleys
should be used. Utmost care
should be taken while transporting rare,
valuable and delicate books.

13
iii. Care should be taken while
photocopying the books as at that time
considerable stress is imposed on the
material and the bindings suffer most
and also the spine damages.
iv. Use bookends to support books when
shelves are not full. Books should not
be shelved too tightly or too loosely.
14
v. It must be always ensured while opening the
books, pages are not torn or
covers are not damaged. To turn a page lift the top
corner and lightly slip the
finger tips down the fore-edge supporting the
page.
vi. Pages should never be folded otherwise creases
will be formed and they may
be torn at the folds. Corner of pages should not be
folded to mark pages.
vii. Avoid licking of fingers as an aid to turn pages.
15
viii. Underlining must be avoided.
ix. Books should not be left open on the
reading table, face downwards.
x. Leaning on an open book should be
avoided since this can damage the
spine and binding.
xi. Never allow a book to stand on its fore
edge.
xii. When a book is displayed open, never
use metal clips or pins to hold book pages
open
16

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Stock verification PPt
Stock verification PPtStock verification PPt
Stock verification PPtNagendra N
 
Collection development
Collection developmentCollection development
Collection developmentShwethanaik31
 
Acquisitions of library materials
Acquisitions of library materialsAcquisitions of library materials
Acquisitions of library materialsbubblyface95
 
Basic Preservation for Library and Archive Collections
Basic Preservation for Library and Archive CollectionsBasic Preservation for Library and Archive Collections
Basic Preservation for Library and Archive CollectionsJolo Van Clyde Abatayo
 
New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...
New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...
New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...Mokhtar Ben Henda
 
DOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITION
DOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITIONDOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITION
DOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITIONEducational Learner
 
Collection development
Collection developmentCollection development
Collection developmentDheeraj Negi
 
Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation Murchana Borah
 
Library and information science: an evolving profession
Library and information science: an evolving professionLibrary and information science: an evolving profession
Library and information science: an evolving professionJolo Van Clyde Abatayo
 
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information science
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information sciencePost coordinate indexing .. Library and information science
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information scienceharshaec
 
Care and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsCare and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library Materialsguest394b44
 
A comparative analysis of library classification systems
A comparative analysis of library classification systemsA comparative analysis of library classification systems
A comparative analysis of library classification systemsAli Hassan Maken
 
Serial control
Serial control Serial control
Serial control Perumal A
 
Philosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino Librarianship
Philosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino LibrarianshipPhilosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino Librarianship
Philosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino LibrarianshipJahlen Tuvilleja, RL, LPT
 
Forms of catalogue
Forms of catalogueForms of catalogue
Forms of cataloguePrince Raja
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Stock verification PPt
Stock verification PPtStock verification PPt
Stock verification PPt
 
Uniterm indexing
Uniterm indexing Uniterm indexing
Uniterm indexing
 
Collection development
Collection developmentCollection development
Collection development
 
Acquisitions of library materials
Acquisitions of library materialsAcquisitions of library materials
Acquisitions of library materials
 
Basic Preservation for Library and Archive Collections
Basic Preservation for Library and Archive CollectionsBasic Preservation for Library and Archive Collections
Basic Preservation for Library and Archive Collections
 
New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...
New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...
New trends and skill in library automation: impact of Artificial Intelligence...
 
Bibliographic control : Basics
Bibliographic control : BasicsBibliographic control : Basics
Bibliographic control : Basics
 
DOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITION
DOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITIONDOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITION
DOCUMENT SELECTION AND ACQUISITION
 
Collection development
Collection developmentCollection development
Collection development
 
Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation Library Automation in Circulation
Library Automation in Circulation
 
Library and information science: an evolving profession
Library and information science: an evolving professionLibrary and information science: an evolving profession
Library and information science: an evolving profession
 
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information science
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information sciencePost coordinate indexing .. Library and information science
Post coordinate indexing .. Library and information science
 
Library cataloging
Library catalogingLibrary cataloging
Library cataloging
 
Serial control
Serial controlSerial control
Serial control
 
Care and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsCare and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library Materials
 
A comparative analysis of library classification systems
A comparative analysis of library classification systemsA comparative analysis of library classification systems
A comparative analysis of library classification systems
 
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
 
Serial control
Serial control Serial control
Serial control
 
Philosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino Librarianship
Philosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino LibrarianshipPhilosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino Librarianship
Philosophy, Law, and Code of Ethics for Filipino Librarianship
 
Forms of catalogue
Forms of catalogueForms of catalogue
Forms of catalogue
 

Destacado

Preservation conservation program
Preservation conservation programPreservation conservation program
Preservation conservation programFe Angela Verzosa
 
Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1
Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1
Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1anjalil
 
Library collection preservation - 2014
Library collection preservation - 2014Library collection preservation - 2014
Library collection preservation - 2014lairecLibrary
 
Care and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsCare and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsLYRASIS
 
Preservation of Archives and Special Collections
Preservation of Archives and Special CollectionsPreservation of Archives and Special Collections
Preservation of Archives and Special CollectionsValinda Carroll
 
Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...
Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...
Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...Fe Angela Verzosa
 
Library Preservation Challenge - Gatenby
Library Preservation Challenge - GatenbyLibrary Preservation Challenge - Gatenby
Library Preservation Challenge - GatenbyKaren S Calhoun
 
Why automate your library
Why automate your libraryWhy automate your library
Why automate your libraryCendrella Habre
 
Preservation and conservation
Preservation and conservationPreservation and conservation
Preservation and conservationDiluwar Hassan
 
Characteristics of adolescents
Characteristics of adolescentsCharacteristics of adolescents
Characteristics of adolescentsJohny Prudencio
 
Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for LaoagPreservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for LaoagFe Angela Verzosa
 
Library Instruction Training Program
Library Instruction Training Program Library Instruction Training Program
Library Instruction Training Program Elizabeth German
 
Starting a Digital Preservation Program
Starting a Digital Preservation ProgramStarting a Digital Preservation Program
Starting a Digital Preservation ProgramSarah Shreeves
 
Special material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointSpecial material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointEthel88
 
How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!
How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!
How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!Dr. Indira Koneru
 
Book binding
Book bindingBook binding
Book bindingSema Aksu
 

Destacado (20)

Deterioration of Library Materials
Deterioration of Library Materials Deterioration of Library Materials
Deterioration of Library Materials
 
Preservation conservation program
Preservation conservation programPreservation conservation program
Preservation conservation program
 
Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1
Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1
Conservation and preservation of archival materials and manuscripts 1
 
Library collection preservation - 2014
Library collection preservation - 2014Library collection preservation - 2014
Library collection preservation - 2014
 
Care and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library MaterialsCare and Handling of Library Materials
Care and Handling of Library Materials
 
Preservation of Archives and Special Collections
Preservation of Archives and Special CollectionsPreservation of Archives and Special Collections
Preservation of Archives and Special Collections
 
Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...
Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...
Archives Conservation Program – introduction to conservation, deacidification...
 
Library Preservation Challenge - Gatenby
Library Preservation Challenge - GatenbyLibrary Preservation Challenge - Gatenby
Library Preservation Challenge - Gatenby
 
Why automate your library
Why automate your libraryWhy automate your library
Why automate your library
 
Preservation and conservation
Preservation and conservationPreservation and conservation
Preservation and conservation
 
Library use for beginners
Library use for beginnersLibrary use for beginners
Library use for beginners
 
Characteristics of adolescents
Characteristics of adolescentsCharacteristics of adolescents
Characteristics of adolescents
 
Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for LaoagPreservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag
 
Preservation of Archive Materials by Prue McKay
Preservation of Archive Materials by Prue McKayPreservation of Archive Materials by Prue McKay
Preservation of Archive Materials by Prue McKay
 
Library Instruction Training Program
Library Instruction Training Program Library Instruction Training Program
Library Instruction Training Program
 
Starting a Digital Preservation Program
Starting a Digital Preservation ProgramStarting a Digital Preservation Program
Starting a Digital Preservation Program
 
Special material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointSpecial material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpoint
 
How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!
How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!
How to Embed A Librarian, Library Resources & Service Components in Moodle!
 
Book binding
Book bindingBook binding
Book binding
 
Library
LibraryLibrary
Library
 

Último

Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture honsFood processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture honsManeerUddin
 
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Transaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemTransaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemChristalin Nelson
 
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfInclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfTechSoup
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptxiammrhaywood
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptxmary850239
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designMIPLM
 
ROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptx
ROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptxROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptx
ROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptxVanesaIglesias10
 
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptxQ4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptxlancelewisportillo
 
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4JOYLYNSAMANIEGO
 
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdfActive Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdfPatidar M
 
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4MiaBumagat1
 
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)lakshayb543
 
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxMULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
 
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...Postal Advocate Inc.
 
Integumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.ppt
Integumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.pptIntegumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.ppt
Integumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.pptshraddhaparab530
 
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...JhezDiaz1
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxHumphrey A Beña
 

Último (20)

Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture honsFood processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
 
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
 
Transaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemTransaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management System
 
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfInclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptx
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
 
ROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptx
ROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptxROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptx
ROLES IN A STAGE PRODUCTION in arts.pptx
 
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptxQ4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
 
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
 
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
 
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdfActive Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
 
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
 
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
 
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxMULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
 
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
 
Integumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.ppt
Integumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.pptIntegumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.ppt
Integumentary System SMP B. Pharm Sem I.ppt
 
YOUVE_GOT_EMAIL_PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE_GOT_EMAIL_PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxYOUVE_GOT_EMAIL_PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE_GOT_EMAIL_PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
 

Preservation of library materials

  • 1. 1
  • 2. 2
  • 4. 4
  • 8. 8
  • 9. 9
  • 10. -Sunlight should be prevented from falling directly on papers because the sun is a great emitter of ultraviolet rays. -Air conditioning of the stack area round the clock is an ideal example of maintaining optimum temperature & humidity for the storage of documents. -During the summer months when the temperature is high the windows should be kept closed 10
  • 11. -good housekeeping and maintenance of optimum storage condition is necessary to control the propagation of the insects. 11
  • 12. -One of the best ways of controlling atmospheric pollutants is filtering of the air intake in to storage areas, which can be attained by air conditioning system operating for 24 hours throughout the year.
  • 13. i. Important books and manuscripts should kept in specially prepared containers. ii. For carrying a large number of books trolleys should be used. Utmost care should be taken while transporting rare, valuable and delicate books. 13
  • 14. iii. Care should be taken while photocopying the books as at that time considerable stress is imposed on the material and the bindings suffer most and also the spine damages. iv. Use bookends to support books when shelves are not full. Books should not be shelved too tightly or too loosely. 14
  • 15. v. It must be always ensured while opening the books, pages are not torn or covers are not damaged. To turn a page lift the top corner and lightly slip the finger tips down the fore-edge supporting the page. vi. Pages should never be folded otherwise creases will be formed and they may be torn at the folds. Corner of pages should not be folded to mark pages. vii. Avoid licking of fingers as an aid to turn pages. 15
  • 16. viii. Underlining must be avoided. ix. Books should not be left open on the reading table, face downwards. x. Leaning on an open book should be avoided since this can damage the spine and binding. xi. Never allow a book to stand on its fore edge. xii. When a book is displayed open, never use metal clips or pins to hold book pages open 16