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Session four
- 1. http://www.bized.co.uk Session 4 Prepared by Alaa Salah Shehata Mahmoud A. M. Abd El Latif Mohamed Mohamed Tala’t Mohamed Salah Mahmoud Version 02 – October 2011 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 2. http://www.bized.co.uk 4 -Data Operators -Aggregate Contents -Concatenation -Attributes -LABs -Counters -Rotating LEDs 2 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 3. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Data Operators 3 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 4. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Data Operators Concatenation Used to merge two operands together using the concatenation operator (&). This result is an array in which length is the sum of lengths of both operands. C <= A & B A B C 4 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 5. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Shift registers Example 19 5 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 6. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Data Operators Concatenation A7 A0 Shift Right Register: A <= „0‟ & A(7 downto 1); 0 A7 A1 A7 A0 Shift Left Register: A <= A(6 downto 0) & „0‟ ; 0 A6 A0 6 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 7. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Data Operators Concatenation A7 A0 Shift Right Register: A <= A(7) & A(7 downto 1); A7 A7 A1 we use this shifting when we need to keep the sign in our vector and not losing it. A7 A7 A7 A2 7 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 8. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Rotating registers Example 20 8 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 9. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Data Operators Concatenation A7 A0 Rotate Right Register: A <= A(0)& A(7 downto 1); A0 A7 A1 A7 A0 Shift Left Register: A <= A(6 downto 0) & A(7); A6 A0 A7 9 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 10. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Data Operators Aggregate Provides an easy way of assigning objects of composite types The aggregate assigns values to a selected elements of an array or a record. Example 20 Signal data_bus : std_logic_vector(15 downto 0); data_bus <= (15 downto 8 => '0' , others => '1'); “0000000011111111” data_bus <= (1 | 4 | 7 => '1', 2 | 3 => '0', others => 'Z'); “ZZZZZZZZ1ZZ1001Z” data_bus <= (others => ‘Z'); -- fill data_bus with ones “ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ” 10 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 11. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Exercise 5 11 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 12. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Write the statement “0000000100000000” --16bit “11111111” --8 bits “11110011” --8bits 12 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 13. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Write the statement “0000000100000000” --16bit data_bus <= ( 8 => ‘1’ , others => ‘0’ ) ; “11111111” --8 bits data_bus <= (others => ‘1’ ) ; “11110011” --8bits data_bus <= ( 3|2 => ‘0’,others => ‘1’ ) ; 13 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 14. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Attributes Attribute Return value Attributes allow returning information about entities , architectures , types , signals Count’left 0 „left, „right, „high, „length, ‟range, „event, … States’left Idle Word’left 15 Note Pronounce the apostrophe as “tick “ Count’right 127 States’right Write Example Word’right 0 Type count is integer range 0 to 127 ; Count’high 127 States’high Write Type states is ( idle , decision , read , write ) ; Word’high 15 Type word is array ( 15 downto 0 ) of std_logic ; Count’low 0 Note States’low Idle As we know if we need to ask about the rising edge of the clk we Word’low 0 can say if rising_sdge(clk) then Count’length 128 States’length 4 by using attributes we also can ask about the clk with other formula Word’length 16 that says if (clk’event and clk = ‘1’) then 14 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 15. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk • General example on Attributes Example 21 15 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 16. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk ARCHITECTURE examp OF attrs IS Type myInt is range 0 to 15; Type states is (red, yellow, green); Type word is array (15 downto 0) of std_logic; Signal count: integer; signal mySig: myInt; signal state : states; BEGIN process begin mySig <= myInt'left; count <= word'left; state <= states'left; wait for 10 ns; mySig <= myInt'right; count <= word'right; state <= states'right; wait for 10 ns; mySig <= myInt'low; count <= word'low; state <= states'low; wait for 10 ns; mySig <= myInt'high; count <= word'high; state <= states'high; wait for 10 ns; count <= word'length; wait; end process; END ARCHITECTURE examp; 16 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 17. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Sequential Circuits on Modelsim 17 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 18. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk As clock is found in your design.. the output registered (saved) and appeared next clk cycle 18 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 19. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk • 4-Bit binary Counter lab 5 19 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 20. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk • 4-Bit binary Counter with asynchronous load lab 6 20 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 21. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Assignment Session-4 4-Bit binary Up-Down Counter with asynchronous load 21 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 22. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk • One way rotating LEDs lab 7 22 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 23. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Assignment Session-4 Two Ways Rotating LEDs 23 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 24. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Download Session 4 material Session 4.pdf Labs4.txt Ask for the material through mail start.courses@gmail.com Facebook group start.group@groups.facebook.com 24 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 25. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Questions Session-4 25 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 26. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Take Your Notes Print the slides and take your notes here --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 27. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk Take Your Notes Print the slides and take your notes here --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
- 28. Session 4 http://www.bized.co.uk See You Next Session 28 Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed