4. How do we influence
beliefs, skills, and infrastructure
issues?
5. Technology Efficacy
•Research has shown that technology can have positive impacts on students’ performance
(Cheung&Slavin, 2012; Cheung&Slavin, 2013a; Hattie, 2008; Hattie, 2011)
•However, the effect size on most forms of technology in the classroom ranges from 0.04 to 0.32
(Cheung&Slavin, 2012; Cheung&Slavin, 2013a; Hattie, 2008; Hattie, 2011)
•That being said, when technology is integrated (i.e., technology used as part of lessons) the
effect sizes are larger than when it is used separate from instruction (Cheung&Slavin, 2013b)