2. Nutrients
• Section 48-1 : Review on own
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats •Elements found in the compound
• Lipids •Function of the compound
• Vitamins •Examples of the compound
• Minerals •Monomer of the compound
• Water
3. Overview of Digestive System
Please read but do not take notes on this slide.
• The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal as well as
the organs and glands that contribute digestive enzymes and
other products to specific portions of the canal.
• In processing the food you eat, your digestive system uses
mechanical and chemical methods.
• Three major types of macromolecules must be broken down
during digestion—carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
– When these macromolecules are broken down sufficiently—
into individual glucose monomers, amino acids, and fatty
acids, respectively—those components (and water) must be
absorbed into the body at the small intestine.
• Wastes proceed through the large intestine, where the feces
form and more water is absorbed.
5. Physical Digestion
• Mechanical Digestion
• Macromolecule is PHYSICALLY broken
down into SMALLER pieces in order to
increase SURFACE area to maximize
ENZYME action.
• Examples:
– Chewing
– Churning
6. Chemical Digestion
• Digestive enzymes are involved by
CHEMICALLY breaking the bonds on
the macromolecules until MONOMERS
are formed.
• Examples:
– Salivary amylase breaks down starch
7.
8. Route of Digestion
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Anus
9. As food directly passes through the
gastrointestinal tract
or
alimentary canal
specific secretions that aid in digestion
are released along the way.
10.
11. Accessory Organs
• Aids in digestion
• BUT…
• Food does NOT pass into these organs.
• Instead these organs SECRETE fluids that will
enter the alimentary canal through DUCTS.
• Examples:
– Liver – Pancreas
– Gallbladder – Salivary Glands
28. Secretin
• FUNCTION
– Small intestine
• MADE
– Intestinal glands
• PURPOSE
– Hormone that stimulates the liver and
pancreas to secrete fluid
29. Bile
• FUNCTION
– Small Intestine
• MADE
– Liver
• PURPOSE
– Emulsifies fats/lipids
30. Sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO3
• FUNCTION
– Small intestine
• MADE
– Pancreas
• PURPOSE
– Neutralizes stomach acid
31. Carbohydrates
Organ Before Enzyme After
Mouth Starch Salivary amylase Disaccharides
Starch Pancreatic amylase Disaccharides
Maltose Maltase
Small
intestine Sucrase Mono-
Sucrose saccharides
Lactose Lactase
32. Digestion of Carbohydrates
Click on the link above and view
the animation associated with
Digestion of Carbohydrates
33. Proteins
Organ Before Enzyme After
Stomach Protein Pepsin Polypeptides
Trypsin
Polypeptides Chymotrypsin Peptides
Small
intestine
Peptides Peptidase Amino acids