INTI 13 - Vulnérabilités territoriales et résiliences : résistances et capacités d’adaptation face aux enjeux climatiques
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INTI 13 - Vulnérabilités territoriales et résiliences : résistances et capacités d’adaptation face aux enjeux climatiques
- 1. THE VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN SCENARIOS RISK: A CASE STUDY COMMUNITY INDIGENOUS NASA IN HUILA COLOMBIA Yolanda Hernández Peña, Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Bogotá. Colombia. ythernandezp@udistrital.edu.co Philippe Woloszyn, ESO UMR 6590 CNRS/Université Rennes2. philippe.woloszyn@univ-rennes2.fr
- 2. Fuente: Con base en Procesado y georeferenciado por el Observatorio del Programa Presidencial de DH y DIH. Vicepresidencia de la República, Base cartográfica: IGAC. 2010 The study areas are located in at central and western of Colombia, northwestern of South America, with an area of 2.070. 408 km² inhabited by 46 million people. Geologically, the country is at the Pacific Ring, and is therefore particularly exposed to earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. THE NASA TERRITORY
- 4. At 15:47 local time on June 6, 1994 an earthquake occurred, which epicenter was located at municipality of Paez, belonging to the hillsides of the mountain system of the vulcano Nevado del Huila (Cardona, 1995) by prior hydrometeorological behavior, and because of the geomorphological characteristics of landslides occurred in the area then generated a debris flow, causing casualties, destruction of physical infrastructure, and impacting the environment severely. Fuente fotografía :http://enosaquiwilches.blogspot.com/2010/02/aprenda mos-del-agua.html Effects of the earthquake and the flood of the river Paez - Tierradentro, Colombia (1994) THE NATURAL PHENOMENON
- 5. Fuente (INGEOMINAS- CAUCA, 2008) Volcano Nevado del Huila Sight in a Landsat image mosaic Nevado del Huila Volcano and River Basin south Paéz
- 6. NASA CAPACITANCE. FACTORS Close relationship-society-nature- culture Nasa "social capacitance" factor Nasa "economical capacitance" factor Vulnerability and resilience are two correlative factors in scenarios risk
- 9. NASA SOCIAL CAPACITANCE Fuente: Revista Semana. Cauca se moviliza por la paz. 10 mayo 2012 Cultural dimension of "social capacitance" factor: • The territory is the principal frame of cultural identity. • Thë Wala", is the mediator between the natural environment and the indigenous Nasa
- 10. (Caycedo, Figueroa, & Nieto, 2007): • The land of the Nasa will never pass into the hands of strangers • Nasa Indians never be defeated • It will respond to any aggression • Nasa people should never mix their blood • Not fight allowed between Nasa people NASA SOCIAL CAPACITANCE Historical dimension of Nasa "social capacitance" factor • In 1540, the Nasa indigenous army victoriously fought the Spanish Sebastian de Belalcazar • Juan Tama their first transcendental figure in colonial times (1.696) • Quintin Lame, in the early twentieth century, lead epic struggles to establish the slogan of "Paez self-determination ".
- 11. NASA ECONOMICAL CAPACITANCE FACTOR Problems with land scarcity The "Minga" is an important expression of social organization, which allows communities to realize cooperative work to meet collective needs. Many of them where reduced to the status of mere "terrajeros", implying land use payment Cauca Minga de Pensamiento Fuente: www.cric-colombia.org
- 12. The Nasa and its response to the flood of 1994 • The culture threat from this disaster was understood by the Nasa as a call of nature, thus a call from Juan Tama for the indigenous people to return to their cultural values lost by the presence of illicit crops and the consumer society. • According to (Stuart-Olson & Sarmiento, 1995), social consolidation after the disaster was based on community home and meal sharing, in order to protect orphans and homeless in those particular conditions. • The crisis that affected the Nasa community, (Wilches-Chaux 1995) recognize the existence of indigenous forms of autonomous and traditional organization leding to dialogue and reconstruction activities , so that ideas about the family and the community leading to social management constitutes the social inductance effect of the Nasa on their crisis resolution.
- 15. The Nasa and its response to the natural phenomenon NOW • The Nasa cultural consolidation have generated an important cultural- based resilience process for risk managing. They have created an organizational structure to monitor Huila volcano activity, working in conjunction with INGEOMINAS Colombia office, with providing both seismological records and “Thë Wala” interpreted in the light of their own cultural biomarkers, (Coyo, 2010) and (Piñacue, 2012). • As a consequence, they created their own strategy for risk management at a social level, through managing a dialogue between contemporary technical knowledge represented by geological science and their historical cultural knowledge, through the “Thë Wala” action drivers
- 18. Conclusions • In the cases of Nasa indigenous, specific cultural pattern, characterized for an knowledge about the environmental, and historical processes of land occupation, i.e. myths and legends about the natural phenomenon and the nature itself, allow them to overcome their traumatic situations, thanks to that social network they have created ancestrally. • So, despite the social and cultural crisis processes due to external factors, the Nasa indigenous solidarity strategies reflecting traditional cultural practices constitute the basis of their proactive resilience facing the consequences of natural injury • Through cultural patterns negociation, their corresponding social capacitance construction organization enable vulnerability edges overcoming, through allowing them to survive independently despite adverse economic environmental and social conditions. • Thus, the meaning of the flood of 1994 allowed them consolidate as a resilient territorial community.