2. Up/Down Position
• The vertical location of objects in the frame
affects their apparent distance from the
viewer. Objects higher in the frame appear
farther away, and objects lower in the frame
seem closer.
4. Contrast and Affinity
• The greater the contrast in a visual
component, the more the visual intensity or
dynamic increases. The greater the affinity in
a visual component, the more the visual
intensity or dynamic decreases.
7. Affinity of space
• A surface division divides the frame in half and
both halves are flat space. Although the frame
is divided, both halves are spatially similar,
creating an affinity of space.
• Affinity of space represented in these two
shots which are both flat.
14. Flat Space
• Flat space is not an illusion. Flat space
emphasises the two-dimensional quality of
the screen surface.
• The walls are frontal, and there are no
longitudinal planes or converging lines. Actors
are staged on the same horizontal plane, they
are the same size.
16. Deep Space
• Deep space gives the illusion of a three
dimensional picture on a two-dimensional
screen surface. There are several longitudinal
planes, one-point perspective, shape change,
size difference, colour separation, tonal
separation, up/down position.
18. Limited Space
• Limited Space the depth cues in the shot
include size change, up/down position and
tonal separation. There are no longitudinal
planes, only frontal surfaces.
20. Ambiguous Space
• The lights are off in the hall, some stray light
illuminates the stairs, and the two actors are
somewhere in the dark. The picture is
ambiguous because it’s impossible to tell the
actual size and spatial relationship in the shot.
