2. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Culture of Ancient Greece Section 2 Greek Philosophy and History Section 3 Alexander the Great Section 4 The Spread of Greek Culture Reading Review Chapter Assessment Greek Civilization Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

4. Greek Civilization

6. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section discusses the culture of the ancient Greeks as expressed in their religion, literature, and art. The Culture of Ancient Greece

10. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Compare and Contrast Create a Venn diagram like the one on page 154 of your textbook, showing similarities and differences between an epic and a fable. The Culture of Ancient Greece

14. How did the Greeks believe their gods and goddesses were like humans? Greek gods and goddesses married, had children, played tricks on each other, quarreled, and fought wars. The Culture of Ancient Greece

18. Why were the heroes of Homer’s epics considered role models? The heroes in Homer’s stories had courage and honor. They worked to be the best they could be, and they fought to protect their honor. The Culture of Ancient Greece

22. How are plays of today similar to those of ancient Greece? Actors in plays of today like those of ancient Greece wear costumes. Music and dance also occur in many of today’s plays, as they did in Greek plays. The Culture of Ancient Greece

26. What elements of Greek architecture are present in your school or in buildings in your community? Answers will vary, but should include symmetry and proportion between building parts, the use of columns, pediments, pedestals, or materials such as marble or tiles. The Culture of Ancient Greece

27. How and why did the Greeks honor their gods? They honored their gods with rituals, festivals, and temples, so the gods would grant good fortune. The Culture of Ancient Greece

28. courage, honor, loyalty, and the value of the husband-wife relationship What values did the epic poems of Homer teach Greeks? The Culture of Ancient Greece

29. Contrast How do Greek tragedies and comedies differ? Tragedy: person fails to overcome difficulties because of fate or personal flaws; Comedy: happy endings The Culture of Ancient Greece

30. Evaluate Do you think the themes of Euripides’ plays would be popular today? Answers will vary. The Culture of Ancient Greece

31. Make Generalizations Why did Greek artists include the ideas of reason, moderation, balance, and harmony in their work? Artists hoped viewers would be inspired by the art. The Culture of Ancient Greece

32. Expository Writing Greek literature tells us what the Greeks thought was important. Choose a modern book, movie, or television show. Write a paragraph to explain what it would tell others about our society. Answers will vary. The Culture of Ancient Greece

33. List the three most important ways the ancient Greeks have influenced our culture. Give reasons for your choices. The Culture of Ancient Greece

35. Greek Philosophy and History Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes Greek contributions to the study of philosophy and the writing of history.

39. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Categorizing Information Use diagrams like the one on page 168 of your textbook to show the basic philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Greek Philosophy and History

46. What did Aristotle think about democracy? Aristotle noticed that most democracies were run by the poor, and those run by a few people were run by the rich. Aristotle thought the best government would be run by the rich and the poor. Greek Philosophy and History

48. Why is Herodotus important? He was the first person to try to explain the past by studying events. Greek Philosophy and History

49. Who were the Sophists and what were their beliefs? The Sophists were traveling teachers. They rejected the idea of absolute right and wrong. Greek Philosophy and History

50. The Greeks explained the past through legends and myths. Before Herodotus, how did Greeks explain the past? Greek Philosophy and History

51. Science Link How are Aristotle’s teachings related to the scientific method used by scientists today? Both use senses to make observations. Greek Philosophy and History

52. Contrast What is different about the works of Herodotus and Thucydides? Herodotus included gods and goddesses to describe some events. Thucydides examined history as the activities of humans, not gods. Greek Philosophy and History

53. Summarize Describe Aristotle’s contributions to government. He examined different forms of government and concluded mixed was the best. Greek Philosophy and History

54. Persuasive Writing Do you agree with Plato’s vision of the ideal state in the Republic ? Write an editorial expressing your viewpoint. Answers will vary. Greek Philosophy and History

55. Discuss the Athenians’ treatment of Socrates. Greek Philosophy and History

57. Alexander the Great Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section discusses Alexander the Great, his wide-reaching empire, and how his conquest spread Hellenism throughout southwest Asia.

63. What led to the Athenians’ defeat? The Greek city-states had been weakened in the Peloponnesian War, and their population had declined. Many farms had been destroyed during the war, and young people had no way to earn a living, so they had left Greece to join the Persian Army. Alexander the Great

67. Alexander Builds an Empire (cont.) The lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. A fire in its tall tower guided ships into harbor. Alexander the Great (pages 176 – 179)

70. How did Alexander show his courage? Alexander rode into battle ahead of his men, and he often risked his own life. He once refused water because there was not enough for all of his soldiers to have a drink. Alexander the Great

71. Alexander the Great How did Philip II of Macedonia feel about the Greeks? He admired everything about the Greeks, including their art, ideas, and military.

72. Alexander the Great What ended Alexander’s conquest of India? His troops grew tired of fighting and refused to go farther.

73. Analyze Why was Alexander a good leader? His bravery inspired his troops. Alexander the Great

74. Predict How might history have been different if Alexander had lived longer? Alexander might have conquered more territory and created a lasting empire. Alexander the Great

75. Geography Skills How many continents did Alexander’s empire reach? three: Europe, Africa, and Asia Alexander the Great

76. Name current or recent figures who might also merit the title “the Great.” Why? Alexander the Great

78. The Spread of Greek Culture Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the spread of Hellenistic culture in the wake of Alexander’s empire and the achievements of many great philosophers, writers, and scientists.

82. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Summarizing Information Create a diagram like the one on page 182 of your textbook, to show the major Greek contributions to Western civilization. The Spread of Greek Culture

85. Why were the cities of southwest Asia lands of opportunity for artisans, scientists, philosophers, and writers? The rulers of these cities wanted them to be like the cultural centers of Greece. To achieve that goal, the rulers needed the services of artisans, scientists, philosophers, and writers. The Spread of Greek Culture

87. How does our definition of epicurean today differ from the Hellenistic Era definition? Today the word means love of physical pleasure. In the Hellenistic Era, the word meant pleasure from spending time with friends and not worrying. The Spread of Greek Culture

91. What did other astronomers believe about Aristarchus’ idea that the sun was at the center of the universe? Other scientists thought Aristarchus was wrong. They believed Earth was the center of the universe. They thought the sun revolved around Earth. The Spread of Greek Culture

92. The Spread of Greek Culture Why did the city of Alexandria attract scholars? Alexandria had a large library and museum.

93. Describe the form of philosophy developed by Zeno. He developed Stoicism, which states happiness comes from following reason and duty is important. The Spread of Greek Culture

94. Compare and Contrast How were the comedies of the Hellenistic Era and those of Greece’s Golden Age similar and different? Similar: made people laugh; Different: focused on love and relationships, not criticizing people in power The Spread of Greek Culture

95. Analyze How would knowledge of geometry be helpful to the Greeks? It helped them to construct buildings and bridges, determine distances, and design machines. The Spread of Greek Culture

96. Identify What did the Epicureans believe about happiness? They believed that happiness is the goal of life. The Spread of Greek Culture

97. Discuss how the world might be different if the Hellenistic era had never occurred. The Spread of Greek Culture

104. __ 1. a short tale that teaches a lesson __ 2. traditional story about gods and heroes __ 3. long poems told about heroic deeds Review Vocabulary A. epic B. fable C. myth C A Define Match the vocabulary word that completes each sentence. B Greek Civilization

105. Section 1 The Culture of Ancient Greece What did the Greeks believe about their gods and goddesses? They believed the gods controlled nature and shaped the lives of humans. Greek Civilization Review Main Ideas

106. What did Greek art and architecture express? The Greek ideas of beauty and harmony. Greek Civilization Section 1 The Culture of Ancient Greece Review Main Ideas

107. Section 2 Greek Philosophy and History How long did the ideas of Greek philosophers last? They are still used today. Greek Civilization Review Main Ideas

108. Section 2 Greek Philosophy and History Why are Greek historians so important? They wrote the first real histories in Western civilization. Greek Civilization Review Main Ideas

109. Section 3 Alexander the Great Which leader united the Greek states? Philip II of Macedonia Greek Civilization Review Main Ideas

110. What are two main accomplishments of Alexander the Great? He conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture throughout southwest Asia. Greek Civilization Section 3 Alexander the Great Review Main Ideas

111. Section 4 The Spread of Greek Culture Why were Hellenistic cities important? They became centers of learning and culture. Greek Civilization Review Main Ideas

112. In what fields did Hellenistic scientists make advances? mathematics and astronomy Section 4 The Spread of Greek Culture Review Main Ideas Greek Civilization

113. Understanding Cause and Effect How did the Peloponnesian War weaken the Greek states? The war divided them and destroyed many farms and lives. Population declined, and many youths went to fight for Persia. Those who stayed fought among themselves. Greek Civilization

114. Analyze Why would knowing the circumference of Earth have been helpful to the Greeks? Possible answers: it would have been helpful in planning land and sea voyages, making maps, and other travel-related tasks. Greek Civilization

115. Compare How was religion in ancient Greece similar to religion in ancient Egypt? Possible answers: both groups believed in many gods and goddesses, life after death, and the use of rituals and priests to seek the gods’ favor. Greek Civilization

116. Analyze Why do you think the development of written history is important? Answers will vary. Greek Civilization

118. Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Journey Across Time Web site. Click on Chapter 5-Chapter Overviews to preview information about this chapter. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.jat.glencoe.com

119. Map s Alexander’s Empire 323 B.C. Hellenistic World 241 B.C. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Charts Greek Gods and Goddesses Greek Philosophers Greek Scientists and Their Contributions

120. Click the map to view an interactive version.

121. Click the map to view an interactive version.

125. The mountain range of Mount Olympus was declared Greece’s first national park in 1937. The area is home to about 1,700 plant species, dense forests, and various wildlife. The Culture of Ancient Greece

126. Aristotle’s father probably taught Aristotle about medicine. Aristotle’s father died when Aristotle was 10 years old. If his father had lived longer, Aristotle might have been a doctor. Greek Philosophy and History

127. Alexander the Great’s parents hired Aristotle to be his personal tutor. Aristotle trained Alexander in literature, science, medicine, and philosophy. Alexander the Great

128. Archimedes, who is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, was probably related to Heron II, the king of Syracuse. Archimedes’ father, Phidias, was an astronomer. The Spread of Greek Culture

129. Using Context Clues Learn It! Reading Social Studies When you have trouble understanding the words in a passage, it is very difficult to get the author’s message. You many know part of a word’s definition or even how to pronounce it, but you still may not understand its full meaning. Look at the word inspiration in the paragraph on the next slide. Use the highlighted words to help you understand its meaning.

130. Look at phrases around the word to find clues to its meaning. In this paragraph, the word inspiration means something that influences or has an effect on someone. The key to Alexander’s courage may have been his childhood education. Alexander kept a copy of the Iliad under his pillow. Most likely his inspiration was Homer’s warrior-hero Achilles. In the end, Alexander’s reputation outstripped even Achilles’, and today he is called Alexander the Great. — from page 177 Reading Social Studies

132. Greek Civilization Introduction

133. The Culture of Ancient Greece

134. Greek Philosophy and History

135. Alexander the Great

136. The Spread of Greek Culture

137. Demosthenes’ Warning

138. The Poetry of Theocritus

139. Science and Inventions The ancient Greeks believed that their gods had the power to cure them of illnesses and injuries. Greek temples were places of healing as well as places of worship. In temples, priests treated patients with herbs, prayed, and made sacrifices to the gods as part of the healing process. In the 400s B.C., the practice of medicine began to change. Hippocrates, a doctor and pioneer of medical science, began to separate medicine from religion. He stressed that it was important to examine the body and look at a patient’s symptoms to find out why someone was ill. He also taught that it was important to have a healthy diet. Hippocrates is well known for the oath, or pledge, that he asked his medical students to recite. His students had to promise never to harm and always to care for their patients. New doctors still take a version of the Hippocratic Oath when they graduate from medical school. Greek Medicine

140. Priests in the temples treated patients with herbs and offered prayers and sacrifice. 1. How were illnesses and injuries treated before Hippocrates? 2. How did Hippocrates change the way medicine was practiced in ancient Greece? He separated religion from medicine and stressed examining the body to diagnose illness. Connecting the Past

141. c. 750 B.C. Homer

142. Plato c 428 – 347 B.C. Plato and Aristotle Aristotle 384 – 322 B.C.

143. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 5–1 Chapter 5

144. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 5–2 Chapter 5

145. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 5 – 3 Chapter 5

146. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 5 – 4 Chapter 5

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