The Ultimate Question of How to Cut the Pie? Revenue Sharing of Gorilla Tourism in Rwanda
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This document discusses the role of mountain gorilla tourism in the post-conflict recovery of Rwanda. It finds that mountain gorilla tourism has significantly contributed to Rwanda's economic growth since the 1994 genocide, becoming the largest foreign exchange earner. It also discusses how revenue from gorilla tourism is shared with local communities and has helped fund projects providing education, water, and livelihoods. Transboundary collaboration between Rwanda, Uganda, and DRC on gorilla conservation has also helped promote regional peacebuilding and security.
![The Ultimate Question of How to Cut the Pie? Revenue Sharing of Gorilla Tourism in Rwanda Miko Watanabe PhD Candidate, University of Tokyo UNDP staff member [email_address] June 30, 2010 CAPRi Workshop, Siem Reap Annette Lanjouw, Director of the Great Apes Program, Arcus Foundation Eugène Rutagarama, Director, International Gorilla Conservation Program](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mikocapri2010-100804185425-phpapp02/85/The-Ultimate-Question-of-How-to-Cut-the-Pie-Revenue-Sharing-of-Gorilla-Tourism-in-Rwanda-1-320.jpg)
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The Ultimate Question of How to Cut the Pie? Revenue Sharing of Gorilla Tourism in Rwanda
- 1. The Ultimate Question of How to Cut the Pie? Revenue Sharing of Gorilla Tourism in Rwanda Miko Watanabe PhD Candidate, University of Tokyo UNDP staff member [email_address] June 30, 2010 CAPRi Workshop, Siem Reap Annette Lanjouw, Director of the Great Apes Program, Arcus Foundation Eugène Rutagarama, Director, International Gorilla Conservation Program
- 4. Virunga-Bwindi in the Central Albertine Rift :
- 5. Recurrent Conflict in the Region : Rwanda: 1994 Over 800,000 lives were lost in the genocide 2003 Presidential and Legislative elections were held, and the new Constitution was issued. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): 1996 Mobutu Sese Seko's regime collapsed. A decade long civil war followed, depriving over 4 million lives. 1999 The Lusaka Peace Agreement 2006 The first democratic elections Uganda: 1986 The National Resistance Movement seized the power. 1996 First direct presidential election 2008 Truce by Government and Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group in the north. A final peace agreement has not yet been signed. Uganda and DRC: in "active armed conflict” having “at least 25 battle-related deaths in one calendar year” by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) of Uppsala University. (2007)
- 6. Geographic Focal Areas: PNV, PNVi, MGNP and BINP
- 12. Booming Eco-tourism in Rwanda: (Source: Nielsen et al based on ORTPN data 2010) National park visits, 1974-2008
- 13. Increase in tourism revenue in Rwanda: (Source: Nielsen et al based on IMF and WDI, 2010)
- 15. Economic value of the Virungas:
- 23. THANK YOU! Photo by International Gorilla Conservation Programme
Notas del editor
- A business (also called a company , enterprise or firm ) is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers.[1] Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners and grow the business itself. The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main objectives the receipt or generation of a financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. Notable exceptions include cooperative enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit or be state-owned.
- A business (also called a company , enterprise or firm ) is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers.[1] Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners and grow the business itself. The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main objectives the receipt or generation of a financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. Notable exceptions include cooperative enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit or be state-owned.
- Tourism in Africa Great potential, but not fully developed. TICAD three priorities: 1) Boosting economic growth; 2) Ensuring "human security," (Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the consolidation of peace and good governance; and 3) Addressing environmental issues and climate change. Among 15 focus areas: Trade, Investment and Tourism
- UCDP defines an armed conflict as "a contested incompatibility that concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths in one calendar year". (the transnational government and the following elections) Rwanda: 1994 Over 800,000 were killed in the genocide 2003 Presidential and Legislative elections were held and the new Constitution was issued. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): 1996 Mobutu Sese Seko's regime collapsed. A decade long civil war followed depriving over 4 million lives. 1999: The Lusaka Peace Agreement 2006: The first democratic elections for the presidency and the National Assembly over four decades. Uganda: 1986 the National Resistance Movement (NRM), led by Yoweri Museveni seized the power in, and the was held in 1996. Museveni was elected as the President (first direct presidential election) February 2008 A between the Government and Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group in the north. A final peace agreement has not yet been signed. Despite on-going efforts to end the violent conflicts in the Region, both Uganda and DRC are categorized as countries with "active armed conflict" in 2007 according to the analysis by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) of Uppsala University.
- The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and gross enrolment in education) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).
- 180 people, guides, trackers, anti-poaching teams in 5 protection sectors. Sustainable tourism: Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability. (UNWTO 2004) Ecotourism Responsible tourism Community-based tourism Pro-poor tourism ・・・・・・・
- 2008 about 17,000 people visited the VNP Compared to 417 tourists in 1999 after the reopening of the park
- Mgahinga Gorilla National Park: 1964 Inside park activities became illegal 1992 MOU; 272 Households resulting in 4000 people were restricted from use of park resources Compensation was not sufficient
- The Distribution of annual gorilla tourism benefit (20.6 million USD) National: 11.2 million USD International: 8.7 million USD Local: 0.7 million USD The ecotourism defined as: "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (The International Ecotourism Society 1990) has evolved in Rwanda since 1979. Focus on mountain gorilla as a unique flagship species has also allowed the development of the much booming tourism industry both at the local and global scale. Since 1979, tourism rose to become the third foreign exchange earner in Rwanda subsequent to tea and coffee (Weber, 1987, OTF, 2003). From the tourism revenue in return, the government of Rwanda has significantly contributed to fund conservation of national parks. Communities have also benefited either directly from tourism by selling their local artisan products and establishment of small scale tourism based businesses or indirectly through ORTPN’s revenue sharing scheme and employment.
- Population 300,000
- The ecotourism defined as: "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (The International Ecotourism Society 1990) has evolved in Rwanda since 1979. Focus on mountain gorilla as a unique flagship species has also allowed the development of the much booming tourism industry both at the local and global scale. Since 1979, tourism rose to become the third foreign exchange earner in Rwanda subsequent to tea and coffee (Weber, 1987, OTF, 2003). From the tourism revenue in return, the government of Rwanda has significantly contributed to fund conservation of national parks. Communities have also benefited either directly from tourism by selling their local artisan products and establishment of small scale tourism based businesses or indirectly through ORTPN’s revenue sharing scheme and employment.
- The ecotourism defined as: "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (The International Ecotourism Society 1990) has evolved in Rwanda since 1979. Focus on mountain gorilla as a unique flagship species has also allowed the development of the much booming tourism industry both at the local and global scale. Since 1979, tourism rose to become the third foreign exchange earner in Rwanda subsequent to tea and coffee (Weber, 1987, OTF, 2003). From the tourism revenue in return, the government of Rwanda has significantly contributed to fund conservation of national parks. Communities have also benefited either directly from tourism by selling their local artisan products and establishment of small scale tourism based businesses or indirectly through ORTPN’s revenue sharing scheme and employment.
- The ecotourism defined as: "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (The International Ecotourism Society 1990) has evolved in Rwanda since 1979. Focus on mountain gorilla as a unique flagship species has also allowed the development of the much booming tourism industry both at the local and global scale. Since 1979, tourism rose to become the third foreign exchange earner in Rwanda subsequent to tea and coffee (Weber, 1987, OTF, 2003). From the tourism revenue in return, the government of Rwanda has significantly contributed to fund conservation of national parks. Communities have also benefited either directly from tourism by selling their local artisan products and establishment of small scale tourism based businesses or indirectly through ORTPN’s revenue sharing scheme and employment.