BIOGAS for Everyone : Simplified for all

BIOGAS
THE COMPLETE MANUAL
UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY BEHIND & UNDERSTANDING MADE SIMPLER
CENTRE FOR APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGYCENTRE FOR APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
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BIOGAS SIMPLIFIED FOR THE LAYMAN

THE MANTRA AND PHILOSOPHY
humans tend to make the process
li t d iblas complicated as possible
by trying to improve on nature
in complex machinesi p x hi s
but a simple approach is still possible

CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
“CLEAN ENVIRONMENT FOR
ALL, INCLUDING NATURE
ITSELF"ITSELF .
It is said that nature has
suffered more because of man
rather than other way
d Wh th i NOTround. Wherever there is a
human interference the
environment has undergone
considerable degradation.
NOT
THISg
THIS

ALARM BELLS FOR THE HUMAN RACE …… So what should we do about it?
The realisation has come at a slower pace but it is better late
than never. Since nothing new can be created in this world and
while existing energy sources are getting depleted at alarmingly
rapid rate We must use every available resource judiciouslyrapid rate We must use every available resource judiciously.

SCIENCE (BIOTECHNOLOGY) ..HELP IS ON THE WAY
Humans tend to make the process as complicated
as possible by trying to improve on nature in
complex machines but a simple approach is still
possible
There are enough natural agencies which are tooThere are enough natural agencies, which are too
keen to help us in this endeavor. Science has
revealed these tools and we must use their
potential to achieve the urgent call of naturepotential to achieve the urgent call of nature

WHAT IS SO SPECIAL OF THESE MICRO-ORGANISMS?
One resource is the waste
organic matter that is
generated in the kitchens , one
of the natural agencies which
will play an important role inwill play an important role in
this utilisation is the tiny part of
the huge world, of tiny
microbes.
1. 1 They can thrive in extreme environments where ordinarily no one would even imagine
that there would be life..
2 The discovery of extremophiles has put a new life into the biotech industry and dreams2. The discovery of extremophiles has put a new life into the biotech industry and dreams
of stock options in the minds of field biologists.
3. These organisms not only survive higher temperatures but also grow and reproduce. They have the
ability to use sulphurous waste and convert it into non-toxic products.
y p p

THE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE
Based on our understanding of
th hili i g i ithermophilic microorganisms in
particular and microbial processes in
general, there are two important
modifications made in the conventionalmodifications made in the conventional
design of the biogas plant

DRAWBACKS GOBAR GAS ???
A Gobar gas plant based on solid wasteA Gobar gas plant based on solid waste
chokes the plant. This choking occurs due to
thick biomass that is inaccessible to the
microorganisms to digest it. 'The logical
l i i i f h lidsolution is to conversion of the solid waste
into slurry that is far more accessible for the
microbial action. Convert the solid waste
into slurry achieves this purpose. These twoto s u y ac e es t s pu pose ese t o
modifications have improved the design of
the traditional biogas plant

DRAWBACKS GOBAR GAS ???
However, the use of cattle dung as the feedstock is the main
factor limiting widespread use of methane as household fuel infactor limiting widespread use of methane as household fuel in
rural India. Current domestic biogas plants require about 40kg of
cattle dung (from 6 to 8 heads of cattle) every day. And because
the dung has a retention period of about 40 days, the size of the
bi l t i l l "R t i ti f dbiogas plant is also large. "Restriction of space, money and
absence of sufficient animals prevent many aspirants from
having a biogas plant

REASONS FOR FAILURE
Operators did not have the skills or the time
required to keep a marginal system operating.
Producers selected digester systems that were not
compatible with their manure handling methods.
Some designer/builders sold “cookie cutter”
designs to farms. For example, of the 30 plug flow
di t b ilt 19 b ilt b d i d 90digesters built, 19 were built by one designer and 90
percent failed.
The designer/b ilders installed the rong t pe ofThe designer/builders installed the wrong type of
equipment, such as incorrectly sized engine-
generators, gas transmission equipment, and
l t i l l
electrical relays.

REASONS FOR FAILURE
The systems became too expensive to maintain and
repair because of poor system designrepair because of poor system design.
Farmers did not receive adequate training and
technical support for their systemstechnical support for their systems.
There were no financial returns of the system or
returns diminished over timereturns diminished over time.
Farms went out of business due to non-digester
factorsfactors.

REASONS FOR SUCCESS
The owner/operator realized the benefits biogas
technology had to offer and wanted to make it work.
The owner/operator had some mechanical knowledge
and ability and had access to technical support.
The designer/builder built systems that were
compatible with farm operation.
The owner/operator increased the profitability of
biogas systems through the utilization and sale of
man re b prod cts Some facilities generate moremanure byproducts. Some facilities generate more
revenues from the sale of electricity and other
manure byproducts than from the sale of milk.

REASONS FOR SUCCESS
There is an increasing number of states and
CENTRAL programs designed to cost share in the
development of these systems; and the emergencedevelopment of these systems; and the emergence
of new state.
A ne gro ing concern of farm o ners abo tA new growing concern of farm owners about
environmental quality.

TODAY’S EXPERIENCE
The development of anaerobic digesters forp g
livestock manure treatment and energy production
has accelerated at a very face pace over the past few
years Factors influencing this market demandyears. Factors influencing this market demand
include: increased technical reliability of anaerobic
digesters through the deployment of successful
h d doperating systems over the past decade.

MANAGEMENT of ORGANIC WASTE
The waste generated in kitchen in the form of vegetable refuse, stale cooked
d k d f d t t d t d t ilk d ilk d tand uncooked food, extracted tea powder, waste milk and milk products can
all be processed.

WASTE TO KITCHEN
These factors add to the value of such plants. we can
certainly handle the kitchen waste and other biodegradable
biomass waste like paper, etc…….
p p ,

WASTE TO KITCHEN
The efficient disposal of kitchen waste is ecofriendly as well as
cost effective. One has to consider more than monetary aspects.
Th d i f k d f d i d l d tThe dumping of uncooked food in unmanned area leads to
population growth of nuisance animals. It is undoubtedly
unhygienic and poses a threat to the habitat.

WHAT IS BIOGAS ??
• WHAT IS BIOGAS ?
WHAT IS IT’S COMPOSITION ?• WHAT IS IT’S COMPOSITION ?
• WHERE TO LOOK FOR IT ?
• HOW GOOD IS IT AS FUEL ?• HOW GOOD IS IT AS FUEL ?
• CAN IT LIGHT UP MY HOME ?
• DOES IT SMELL ?
• IS IT SAFE ?
• HOW DO I GET IT ?
HOW CAN I MAKE IT ?• HOW CAN I MAKE IT ?
• CAN IT HELP GENERATE ELECTRICITY ?

COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
CH3COOH
Acetic acid
-->
CH4
Methane
+
CO2
Carbon dioxide
2CH3CH2OH CO2 CH4 2CH3COOH2CH3CH2OH
Ethanol
+
CO2
Carbon dioxide
-->
CH4
Methane
+
2CH3COOH
Acetic acid
CO2
Carbon dioxide
+
4H2
Hydrogen
-->
CH4
Methane
+
2H2O
Water

COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
Composition of biogas
Substances Symbol Percentage
Methane CH4 50 70Methane CH4 50 - 70
Carbon Dioxide CO2 30 - 40
Hydrogen H2 5 - 10Hydrogen H2 5 10
Nitrogen N2 1 - 2
Water vapour H2O 0.3
Hydrogen Sulphide H2S Traces

Wh t i BIOGAS ?What is BIOGAS ?
C/N RATIO MATERIALS
Raw Materials C/N Ratio
Duck dung 8 Human excreta 8
Chicken dung 10 Goat dung 12
Pig dung 18 Sheep dung 19
Cow dung 24 Buffalo dung 24
W h i h El h d Water hyacinth 25 Elephant dung 43
Straw (maize) 60 Straw (rice) 70
Straw (wheat) 90 Saw dust >200

CALORIFIC VALUESCALORIFIC VALUES
THERMAL EFFICIENCY
Commonly Calorific Thermaly
used fuels
Thermal
efficiency
Bio-gas 4713/M 360%
D k 2093/KDung cake 2093/Kg 11%
Firewood 4978/Kg 17.3%
Diesel (HSD) 4600/Kg 30%
Kerosene 10850/Kg 50%Kerosene 10850/Kg 50%
Petrol 11100/Kg ---

BIOGAS PLANTSBIOGAS PLANTS
A realistic screening process for livestock
facilities to decide if biogas technology is
an appropriate match for the farm and
farm owner From the vast array of Plants farm owner. From the vast array of Plants
and designs

CLASSIFICATION OF BIOGAS PLANTS
based on the plant components
S. No.
Bio-gas Plants with Movable
Gas holder
Fixed Dome Type Digester and gas holder
Separate
Flexible Bag Plant
Plant Models
i KVIC Design Sichuan Model Sulabh Model Neoprene Bag Model
ii IARI Design Shanghai Model Bardoli Model Swastik Biogas Plant
iii PRAI design (Two Chambers) Janta (Brick Masonry) PAU Model Red Mud Plastic Model
iv Kamdhanu (baked clay) model Bhagya Laxmi Sangli Model
v ASTRA Model Kalinga (RCC) CV Krishna Model (FRP Fixed )
vi JWALA Model ASTRA (Chinese type)
vii Ganesh Model GAIC/ATRC (RCC segment)
viii Khira model AFPRO (Horizontal RCC pipe
)
i FRP M d l D B dh M d lix FRP Model Deen Bandhu Model
x Ferro cement Digester Model Bharat Model
xi SERC Model
xii SPRERI Model
xii SPRERI Model

THE BIODIGESTER : KVIC
Floating drum digester Experiment on
biogas technology in India began in 1937. In
1956 Jasu Bhai J Patel developed a design of1956, Jasu Bhai J Patel developed a design of
floating drum biogas plant popularly known
as Gobar Gas plant. In 1962, Patel's design
was approved by the Khadi and Village
Industries Commission (KVIC) of India and this
design soon became popular in India and the
world. In this design, the digester chamber is
made of brick masonry in cement mortar Amade of brick masonry in cement mortar. A
mild steel drum is placed on top of the
digester to collect the biogas produced from
the digester. Thus, there are two separate
PLANTS
structures for gas production and collection..
BIOGASP
B

THE BIODIGESTER : DCS
PLANTS
DCS uses a taper design for high
water table areas
BIOGASP
B

THE BIODIGESTER : DCS
PLANTS
DCS uses a straight design
for low water table areas
BIOGASP
B

THE BIODIGESTER : JANTA
Janta designs are relatively easy to construct and maintain because they have no moving parts and
because corrosion is not a problem. One drawback is that Janta plants may require periodic cleaning duebecause corrosion is not a problem. One drawback is that Janta plants may require periodic cleaning due
to scum build-up. As gas pressure increases in a fixed volume, the pressure pushes some of the slurry
out of the digester and back into both the inlet and outlet tanks, causing the slurry level in each tank to
rise.
PLANTSBIOGASP
B

THE BIODIGESTER : CHINA FIXED DOME
Fixed dome Chinese model biogas plant (also called drumless digester) was built in China as
early as 1936. It consists of an underground brick masonry compartment (fermentation
chamber) with a dome on the top for gas storage. In this design, the fermentation chamber
PLANTS
) p g g g ,
and gas holder are combined as one unit. This design eliminates the use of costlier mild steel
gas holder which is susceptible to corrosion. The life of fixed dome type plant is longer (from
20 to 50 years) compared to KVIC plant.
BIOGASP
B

THE BIODIGESTER : DEENBANDHU
The Deenbandhu Model is a semi continuous-fed fixed dome Biogas plant. The design essentially consists of
segments of two spheres of different diameters joined at their bases. The structure thus formed comprises of
(i) the digester (fermentation chamber) (ii) the gas storage chamber and (iii) the empty space just above the
PLANTS
(i) the digester (fermentation chamber), (ii) the gas storage chamber, and (iii) the empty space just above the
gas storage chamber. The higher compressive strength of the brick masonry and concrete makes it
preferable to go in for a structure that could be always kept under compression. A spherical structure
loaded from the convex side will be under compression and therefore, the internal load will not have any
effect on the structure
BIOGASP
effect on the structure.
B

THE BIODIGESTER : MCRC
Sri A.M.M. Murrugappa Chettiar
Research Center (MCRC), Madras,(M ), M ,
has developed a brick digester
with a high-density polyethylene
gas holder supported by a
g d i f Th f i
PLANTS
geodesic frame The frame is
bolted to the digester walls, and
the plastic gas holder is retained
by a water seal.
BIOGASP
y
B

THE BIODIGESTER : JYOTI
This ensures that the heavier, partially
digested material settles to the digester floor
unimpeded by the lighter biomass. The JSEI
innovation could be an important
breakthrough in the use of agricultural and
forest residues in biogas systems. In addition
to solving the problem of scum build-up, theg p p,
JSEI technique also seems to eliminate the
necessity of excessive shredding or drying of
residues, making the handling of these
materials far less cumbersome and time-materials far less cumbersome and time
consuming. Biomass is merely chopped into 2-
3 cm (.75-1.25") squares and then is pushed
into the digester through a cylindrical tube
i t d i t th fl ti g g h ld Th t b
PLANTS
inserted into the floating gas holder. The tube
is always in contact with the slurry, even with
the dome at maximum height, so that no gas
can escape.
BIOGASP
B

THE BIODIGESTER : ASTRA
Comparison of KVIC and ASTRA designs For similar Biogas
Plants(40)
KVIC ASTRA
Rated daily gas output 5.66 5.66
Gas holder diameter (m 1.83 2.44
Gas holder height (m) 1.22 0.61
Gas holder volume ([m.sup.3]) 3.21 2.85([ p ])
Digester diameter (m) 1.98 2.59
Digester depth (m) 4.88 2.44
Digester depth-diameter ratio 2.46 0.94
Digester volume ([m.sup.3]) 15.02 12.85
Capital cost of plant (Rs) 8 10000 4 76500Capital cost of plant (Rs) 8,100.00 4,765.00
Relative costs 100.00 58.80
Daily loading (kg fresh dung) 150.00 150.00
Mean temperature (Celsius) 27.60 27.60
Daily gas yield ([m.sup.3]/day) 4.28 [+ -] 0.47 4.39[+
]
PLANTS
-] 0.60
Actual capacity/rated capacity 75.6% 86.4%
Gas yield (cm/g fresh dung) 28.5 [+/-] 3.2
32.7 [+ or -] 4.0
Improvement in gas yield -- +14.2%
BIOGASP
p g y
B

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : Covered Lagoon
PLANTS
Bag digester. This design was developed in 1960s in Taiwan.
It consists of a long cylinder made of PVC or red mud plastic
BIOGASP
B

TYPICAL BIODIGESTER : SYSTEM Horizontal
Feedstock collection — Sump Pulper / Mixer
Anaerobic digester — Effluent storage — Manure
Gas handling —
GGas use.
PLANTSBIOGASP
B

TYPICAL BIODIGESTER : SYSTEM
FEEDSTOCK COLLECTION
— SUMP PULPER / MIXER/
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER —
EFFLUENT STORAGE — MANURE
GAS HANDLING — GAS USE.
PLANTSBIOGASP
B

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : Table A
Characteristics Plug Flow Digester Fixed Film
Digestion Vessel Above Ground Tank Rectangular in
d d
g g
Ground Above Ground
Tank
Level of Technology Medium Low
Supplement Heat Yes No
Total Solids 11 to 13 % 3 %
Solid Characteristics Coarse Very Fine
HRT Days 15+ 2 to 3
Farm Type Dairy Only Dairy
Optimum Location All Climates Temperate and
Warm
Warm

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : Table AA
Characteristics Covered Lagoon Complete Mix Digester
Digestion Vessel Deep Lagoon Round /Square InDigestion Vessel Deep Lagoon Round /Square In
Level of Technology Medium Low
Supplement Heat No YesSupplement Heat No Yes
Total Solids 0.5 to 3% 3 to 10 %
S lid Characteristics Fine C arseSolid Characteristics Fine Coarse
HRT Days 40 to 60 15 +
F Ty D i y H gFarm Type Dairy Hog
Optimum Location Temperate and Warm All Climates

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : 60’s
Monthsning06M
etersPlus
Commission
CubicMe
menttoC
ors220
Commencem
orDigesto
C
fo

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : 60’s
Months
s
ning06M
etersPlus
Commissio
0CubicM
ementtoC
ors220
Commence
orDigesto
C
f

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : BASED ON OLD SYSTEMS
SL. No Plant Capacity
Av. Daily Feedstock and Slurry
(ratio of 1 Kg. Feedstock:1 Lt. Water)
Requirement
Approx. No. of
Av. Size Cattle
No. of family members
(cooking and lighting
requirement)
Average cost as
on Sept 1, 2010
q q )
Feedstock Fresh Slurry
(M3) (Ft3) (Kg) (Lt.) (Nos.) (Nos.) (Indian Rs.)
Commencement to Commissioning 06 Months
for Digestors 2 20 Cubic Meters Plus
(M ) ( ) (Kg) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 35 2.5 5.0 2-3 3-4 10000
2 2 70 5.0 10.0 4-6 6-8 18000
3 3 105 75 15.0 6-9 9-12 25000
4 4 140 10.0 20.0 8-12 12-16 34000
5 6 210 15.0 30.0 12-18 18-24 44000
Commencement to Commissioning 30 - 90 Days
for Digestors from 1m3 200 m3
for Digestors from 1m3 200 m3

BIOGAS SYSTEMS : C.A.R.E
Process
About two kg dry starchy matter mixed in about
10 litres of water is the daily input The retention
A household digester unit or family
size biogas plant normally has the
gas production capacity to meet
10 litres of water is the daily input. The retention
time ranges from 12 to 24 hours, depending upon
the temperature.
g p p y
all the cooking and 2-4 hours of
lighting (using biogas lamps with
single mental) needs of a family. In
India 1 m3 biogas plant refers to
The CARE model
Has a gas holder tank of 550 litres capacity,
having about 500 litres usable gas holding space.
We advice the housewife to introduce a kg ofIndia 1 m3 biogas plant refers to
the rated capacity of that
particular unit which has been
designed to produce 1 m3, 1000 lt.
We advice the housewife to introduce a kg of
feedstock once in the morning and again in the
evening. Every time she gets about 500 litres of gas,
which is enough to cook one meal for a family ofg p
or 35 ft3 gas per day under
optimal conditions
five. Families eating only rice may require just half
of this quantity of gas.

INSTITUTIONAL SIZED BIO GAS PLANT
Serving Over 15,000 People
Main digestion tank (35 m3), Manure pits, Gas lamps for utilisation of the biogas generated in the
plant
plant.

A biogas plant in a vegetable oil factory
Cost and savings in slide
C t t C i i i g 10 D y f Dig t b 30 C bi M tCommencement to Commissioning 10 Days* for Digestors above 30 Cubic Meters
Institutional Plant with solar and pulper

A biogas plant in a vegetable oil factory
Cost and savings
.
Before KWP
Installation
After KWP
Installation
LPG Consumed 60 kg/day 30 kg/day
Before installing the Kitchen Waste
Plant (KWP) 60 kg per day of LPG is
being used in the Canteen kitchen as
cooking fuel. The KWP will utilize 600g y g y
Cost of LPG/annum Rs. 4.95 Lakhs Rs. 2.47 Laces
Net Annual Savings Rs. 2.47 Laces
C t f Kit h W t Pl t R 325 L
cooking fuel. The KWP will utilize 600
kg/day of Kitchen Waste generated
and generate 60 m3/day of biogas,
which is equivalent to about 30
kg/day of LPG. This will replace 30
Cost of Kitchen Waste Plant Rs. 3.25 Laces
Less 100% Dep. Benefit in 1st year Rs.1.15 Laces
Net cost of Kitchen Waste Plant Rs.2.35 Laces
kg/day of LPG. This will replace 30
kg/day of LPG used in the canteen
kitchen. KWP serves duel purpose of
disposing the Kitchen Waste, thus
maintaining hygienic and clean
Simple Payback 0.95 Years
Net Reduction in Cooking Energy Cost 50 %
ma n a n ng hyg en c and c ean
surroundings and replacing 50% of
Cooking Fuel with Biogas generated

A PERSPECTIVE AND COMPARATIVE
Parameters Conventional Systems CARE System
Time needed for construction to
commissioning for 1CUm / 20 CUM
25 days / 90 to 120 days 1 Day / 30 Days
Fermentor Volume for Family of Four
to Six
Large
4000 Litres
Small
1000 Litresto Six. 4000 Litres 1000 Litres
Construction Materials
Conventional MS Dome prone
to corrosion
Composite New Age PVC
non corrosive
Percentage of Methane by weight 60 % 25%Percentage of Methane by weight 60 % 25%
Quantity needed from system for a
family of four
1980 Litres 800 Litres
Carbon Dioxide 20 % to 30 % 5 % to !5 %Carbon Dioxide 20 % to 30 % 5 % to !5 %
O & M Intensive Easy

A PERSPECTIVE AND COMPARATIVE
Parameters Conventional Systems CARE System
Amount of required feedstock 40 kg + 40 lit water 1-1.5 kg + 15 lit waterAmount of required feedstock 40 kg 40 lit water 1 1.5 kg 15 lit water
Nature of required feedstock Dung organic material
Any starchy material Kitchen
Waste. Left over Food,
A t d N t f l y tAmount and Nature of slurry to
be disposed
80 lit, sludge 15 lit, watery
HRT Retention Time for full
utilization of feedstock
40 days 48-72 hours
Standard size for household 4000 lit 1000-1500 lit
Capital Investment per unit
i l di g
INR 20 000 INR 10 000
including stove
INR 20,000 INR 10,000
Running Expenses per meal INR 25 0 to INR 5

BIOGAS TO ELECTRICAL GENERATION
Kind of
l
Manure type
Amount
k d
Solid amount
k d
Biogas per
animal
Energy per
animal
animal
Manure type
(kg/day) (kg/day)
animal
(m3/day)*
animal
(kWh/yr)
Cow Slurry 51 5,4 1,6 3400
Cow Dry 32 5,6 1,6 3400
Sow Slurry 16,7 1,3 0,46 970
Sow Dry 9,9 2,9 0,46 970
Hen Dry 0,66 0,047 0,017 36
Quantity of feedstock from farm animals and Potential Captive Energy

A COMPARATIVE
Equivalent Quantity of Fuel for 1 m3 of Bio-Gas
Name of the fuel Kerosene Firewood Cow dung Charcoal
Biogas and Biomass
Name of the fuel Kerosene Firewood Cow dung
cakes
Charcoal
Equivalent
quantities to 1 0620 3474 kg 12296 1458 kgquantities to 1
m3 of Bio-gas
0.620 3.474 kg 12.296
kg
1.458 kg
Name of the fuel Soft coke Butane Furnace
Oil
Coal gas Electricity
Oil
Equivalent
quantities to 1
m3 of Bio-gas
1.605 kg 0.433 kg 0.4171 1.177 m3 4.698
kWhm of Bio gas kWh

THE Biogas Engine

THE Biogas Engine
•THE Biogas Engine “CARE”
•Biogas specific Engines using 100 %g p g g
Biogas
•Works without battery ideal for rural
areas.
•Gas cooled, water cooled air cooled
•Spark ignition 1500 to 1800RPM
•Automatic air and fuel control to take•Automatic air and fuel control to take
variable load
•Single Phase and Three Phase
•Alternator and Engine coupled on single•Alternator and Engine coupled on single
rigid frame
•Gas Consumption of 600 Cft per KWH

F. A. Q.’S?
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION?FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION?

HOW MUCH DOES AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FACILITY COST?
The cost of an AD facility depends on many factors, and would be
calculated before any work was started.
A key decision point is not only how much the facility costs; it's how
much revenue the facility generates.
t f li ti f bl gy’ bi ti f highCentre for Application of Renewable Energy’s combination of higher
energy production and waste management revenue means a superior ROI
and greater lifetime revenue stream over other options.
We invite you to fill in our information request form or contact us for
more information.
We would be happy to show what we can do for you.

HOW DO BIOGAS ENERGY SYSTEMS?HOW DO BIOGAS ENERGY SYSTEMS?
COMPARE with other anaerobic digestion technologies?
C t f A li ti f R bl E gy t h l gy th t h bCentre for Application of Renewable Energy uses technology that has been
perfected in digesters over the past decade, with more designed and built each
year.
Centre for Application of Renewable Energy ' digesters are 30-100% more
efficient in producing energy than other digesters.
The fact coupled with the ability to take a variety of waste input means CentreThe fact, coupled with the ability to take a variety of waste input means Centre
for Application of Renewable Energy ' facilities generate far superior revenue
over time..

WHAT IS YOUR COW TO KW RATIO?
In other words, how efficiently do your digesters produce energy?
Unfortunately this ratio, which is often used by digester developers, has
little meaning in the real world since our digesters are able to accept alittle meaning in the real world since our digesters are able to accept a
variety of substrates and therefore create far more methane than
manure digesters alone. By adding high energy inputs like grease or fats,
there is no comparison to our competitors who are only able to accept
gmanure or a limited amount of lower-energy inputs

What materials can "feed" your digesters?
Centre for Application of Renewable Energy operate with a base
material of manure from cattle or pigs. In addition, the digesters thrive
with other inputs like kitchen waste brewery waste industrial foodwith other inputs, like kitchen waste, brewery waste, industrial food
processing waste, energy crops like corn, fish and poultry remnants,
ethanol production waste, and more.
h g g h g hThis is a significant advantage over other types of digesters that can
only process manure, and adds an enormous amount of power
generation capacity to the facility

BESIDES BIOGAS, WHAT COMES OUT OF THE DIGESTERS?
The liquid that results from the anaerobic digestion processThe liquid that results from the anaerobic digestion process
have a slurry which is separated out, and sold to local
gardeners, landscapers and farmers.
Some farmers use the solids as bedding for their cows and sell
it as bedding to neighbors since the pathogen treatment is so
effective. The liquids are returned to the farmer as nutrient rich
natural fertilizer, which replaces imported nutrients and thereby
cuts costs.

Does a biogas facility smell?
Actually, anaerobic digesters alleviate odor problems, especially
as suburban growth surrounds farms and introduces neighbors
who complain about manure smells. By installing an anaerobicp y g
digester.
The farmer solves odor issues to everyone's satisfaction. Since
th dig t i tight th ll t y ithi d th li idthe digesters are airtight, the smell stays within, and the liquids
and solids coming out of the digester have only a very slight
odor compared to raw slurry.

A bi Dig t T h l gyAnaerobic Digester Technology
Improvements and Optimizations
Anaerobic digestion is gaining popularity in India due to several
factors not least of which is the continuing improvement offactors, not least of which is the continuing improvement of
biogas production technology. In India.
In Europe, where anaerobic digestion facilities are in operation,
optimization of digester technology continues to this day. The
improvements and optimizations that have been made in Europeimprovements and optimizations that have been made in Europe
are now coming to India through Centre for Application of
Renewable Energy .

LOW MAINTENANCE, HIGH EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGY
Farmers already have enough work, so our anaerobic digesters require
minimal labor and maintenance without sacrificing efficiency of methane
production or pathogen treatment. By continually improving techniques
and equipment that have been built

Centre for Application of Renewable Energy Inc. was founded
in 2006 t address India's rural masses pressing need f rin 2006 to address India's rural masses pressing need for
domestically produced, renewable, power.
Centre for Application of Renewable Energy licenses the most
li bl ffi i t t i d d t t d bi dig tireliable, efficient, tried and tested anaerobic digestion
technology to the Indian market..
** We apologize if some fonts may look distorted . Due to non support of fonts at the server s, Slideshare is working on the same

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