Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Trumandoctrine
2. The Truman Doctrine
• “The Truman Doctrine was the American foreign policy in 1947 of providing economic and
military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. It was the
start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion; it was a major step in beginning the
Cold War.”
• “President Harry S Truman told Congress the Doctrine was "the policy of the United States to
support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by
outside pressures."Truman reasoned, because these "totalitarian regimes" coerced "free
peoples", they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the
United States. Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). He
argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed, they
would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region.
Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals, it was necessary to help both equally, even
though the threat to Greece was more immediate.”
4. Greece
• “In the second stage of the civil war in December1944 (The Dekimvriana),
the British helped prevent the seizure of Athens by the leftist National
Liberation Front (EAM), controlled effectively by the Greek Communist
Party (KKE). In the third phase (1946–1949), guerrilla forces controlled by
the Greek Communist Party (KKE) fought against the internationally
recognized Greek government which was formed after 1946 elections
boycotted by the KKE. The British realized that the Greek leftists were being
directly funded by Josip Broz Tito in neighboring Yugoslavia; the Greek
communists received little help directly from the Soviet Union, while
Yugoslavia provided support and sanctuary. By late 1946 the weakening
British economy meant the British could no longer support Greece, and so
London asked the U.S. to step in.”
• “The U.S. Congress in May, 1947, responding to Truman's plea, granted
Greece $400 million in military and economic aid. Increased American aid
helped defeat the KKE, after interim defeats for government forces from
1946 to 1948.”
5. Turkey
• “At the conclusion of World War II, Stalin demanded
partial control of the Dardanelles, a strategic
passage between the Black Sea and the
Mediterranean”.
• “Since British assistance to Turkey had ended in
1947, the U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that
Turkey would retain chief control of the passage.
Turkey received $100 million in economic and
military aid. The postwar period from 1946 started
with a "multi-party period" and a Democratic Party
government of Adnan Menderes.”
6. Long Term Affects
• “The Truman Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and
around the world. The doctrine endured because it addressed a broader cultural
insecurity regarding modern life in a globalized world. It dealt with Washington's
concern over communism's domino effect, it enabled a media-sensitive
presentation of the doctrine that won bipartisan support, and it mobilized
American economic power to modernize and stabilize unstable regions without
direct military intervention. It brought nation-building activities and modernization
programs to the forefront of foreign policy.”
• “The Truman Doctrine became a metaphor for emergency aid to keep a nation
from communist influence. Truman used disease imagery not only to communicate
a sense of impending disaster in the spread of communism but also to create a
"rhetorical vision" of containing it by extending a protective shield around non-
communist countries throughout the world. It echoed the "quarantine the
aggressor" policy Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to impose to contain German
and Japanese expansion in 1937--("quarantine" suggested the role of public health
officials handling an infectious disease). The medical metaphor extended beyond
the immediate aims of the Truman Doctrine in that the imagery combined with fire
and flood imagery evocative of disaster provided the United States with an easy
transition to direct military confrontation in later years with communist forces in
Korea and Vietnam. By presenting ideological differences in life or death terms,
Truman was able to garner support for this communism-containing policy.”
7. HW
• Write a journal entry pretending that you live in
Greece or Turkey during the cold war. In this entry
they talk about how the Truman doctrine
influenced your life.