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Trumandoctrine
The Truman Doctrine
•   “The Truman Doctrine was the American foreign policy in 1947 of providing economic and
    military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. It was the
    start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion; it was a major step in beginning the
    Cold War.”
•   “President Harry S Truman told Congress the Doctrine was "the policy of the United States to
    support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by
    outside pressures."Truman reasoned, because these "totalitarian regimes" coerced "free
    peoples", they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the
    United States. Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). He
    argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed, they
    would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region.
    Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals, it was necessary to help both equally, even
    though the threat to Greece was more immediate.”
Trumandoctrine
Greece
• “In the second stage of the civil war in December1944 (The Dekimvriana),
  the British helped prevent the seizure of Athens by the leftist National
  Liberation Front (EAM), controlled effectively by the Greek Communist
  Party (KKE). In the third phase (1946–1949), guerrilla forces controlled by
  the Greek Communist Party (KKE) fought against the internationally
  recognized Greek government which was formed after 1946 elections
  boycotted by the KKE. The British realized that the Greek leftists were being
  directly funded by Josip Broz Tito in neighboring Yugoslavia; the Greek
  communists received little help directly from the Soviet Union, while
  Yugoslavia provided support and sanctuary. By late 1946 the weakening
  British economy meant the British could no longer support Greece, and so
  London asked the U.S. to step in.”
• “The U.S. Congress in May, 1947, responding to Truman's plea, granted
  Greece $400 million in military and economic aid. Increased American aid
  helped defeat the KKE, after interim defeats for government forces from
  1946 to 1948.”
Turkey
• “At the conclusion of World War II, Stalin demanded
  partial control of the Dardanelles, a strategic
  passage between the Black Sea and the
  Mediterranean”.
• “Since British assistance to Turkey had ended in
  1947, the U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that
  Turkey would retain chief control of the passage.
  Turkey received $100 million in economic and
  military aid. The postwar period from 1946 started
  with a "multi-party period" and a Democratic Party
  government of Adnan Menderes.”
Long Term Affects
• “The Truman Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and
  around the world. The doctrine endured because it addressed a broader cultural
  insecurity regarding modern life in a globalized world. It dealt with Washington's
  concern over communism's domino effect, it enabled a media-sensitive
  presentation of the doctrine that won bipartisan support, and it mobilized
  American economic power to modernize and stabilize unstable regions without
  direct military intervention. It brought nation-building activities and modernization
  programs to the forefront of foreign policy.”
• “The Truman Doctrine became a metaphor for emergency aid to keep a nation
  from communist influence. Truman used disease imagery not only to communicate
  a sense of impending disaster in the spread of communism but also to create a
  "rhetorical vision" of containing it by extending a protective shield around non-
  communist countries throughout the world. It echoed the "quarantine the
  aggressor" policy Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to impose to contain German
  and Japanese expansion in 1937--("quarantine" suggested the role of public health
  officials handling an infectious disease). The medical metaphor extended beyond
  the immediate aims of the Truman Doctrine in that the imagery combined with fire
  and flood imagery evocative of disaster provided the United States with an easy
  transition to direct military confrontation in later years with communist forces in
  Korea and Vietnam. By presenting ideological differences in life or death terms,
  Truman was able to garner support for this communism-containing policy.”
HW
• Write a journal entry pretending that you live in
  Greece or Turkey during the cold war. In this entry
  they talk about how the Truman doctrine
  influenced your life.

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Trumandoctrine

  • 2. The Truman Doctrine • “The Truman Doctrine was the American foreign policy in 1947 of providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. It was the start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion; it was a major step in beginning the Cold War.” • “President Harry S Truman told Congress the Doctrine was "the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."Truman reasoned, because these "totalitarian regimes" coerced "free peoples", they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed, they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region. Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals, it was necessary to help both equally, even though the threat to Greece was more immediate.”
  • 4. Greece • “In the second stage of the civil war in December1944 (The Dekimvriana), the British helped prevent the seizure of Athens by the leftist National Liberation Front (EAM), controlled effectively by the Greek Communist Party (KKE). In the third phase (1946–1949), guerrilla forces controlled by the Greek Communist Party (KKE) fought against the internationally recognized Greek government which was formed after 1946 elections boycotted by the KKE. The British realized that the Greek leftists were being directly funded by Josip Broz Tito in neighboring Yugoslavia; the Greek communists received little help directly from the Soviet Union, while Yugoslavia provided support and sanctuary. By late 1946 the weakening British economy meant the British could no longer support Greece, and so London asked the U.S. to step in.” • “The U.S. Congress in May, 1947, responding to Truman's plea, granted Greece $400 million in military and economic aid. Increased American aid helped defeat the KKE, after interim defeats for government forces from 1946 to 1948.”
  • 5. Turkey • “At the conclusion of World War II, Stalin demanded partial control of the Dardanelles, a strategic passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean”. • “Since British assistance to Turkey had ended in 1947, the U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief control of the passage. Turkey received $100 million in economic and military aid. The postwar period from 1946 started with a "multi-party period" and a Democratic Party government of Adnan Menderes.”
  • 6. Long Term Affects • “The Truman Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and around the world. The doctrine endured because it addressed a broader cultural insecurity regarding modern life in a globalized world. It dealt with Washington's concern over communism's domino effect, it enabled a media-sensitive presentation of the doctrine that won bipartisan support, and it mobilized American economic power to modernize and stabilize unstable regions without direct military intervention. It brought nation-building activities and modernization programs to the forefront of foreign policy.” • “The Truman Doctrine became a metaphor for emergency aid to keep a nation from communist influence. Truman used disease imagery not only to communicate a sense of impending disaster in the spread of communism but also to create a "rhetorical vision" of containing it by extending a protective shield around non- communist countries throughout the world. It echoed the "quarantine the aggressor" policy Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to impose to contain German and Japanese expansion in 1937--("quarantine" suggested the role of public health officials handling an infectious disease). The medical metaphor extended beyond the immediate aims of the Truman Doctrine in that the imagery combined with fire and flood imagery evocative of disaster provided the United States with an easy transition to direct military confrontation in later years with communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. By presenting ideological differences in life or death terms, Truman was able to garner support for this communism-containing policy.”
  • 7. HW • Write a journal entry pretending that you live in Greece or Turkey during the cold war. In this entry they talk about how the Truman doctrine influenced your life.