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Franck-Hertz Versuch
Rafael Zárate
Catarina Macht
Gliederung
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Hintergrund
Aufbau
Durchführung
Beobachtungen
Deutung
Schlussfolgerungen
Quellen
Hintergrund
• James Franck und Gustav Ludwig Hertz
• 1914
• Belegen die Existenz von Energieniveaus in
Atomen
• 1925 Nobelpreis für Physik
Aufbau
Durchführung
• Heiz- und Gegenspannung auf feste Werte
einstellen
• Beschleunigungsspannung langsam erhöhen
•  Emittierte Elektronen stoßen im Weg zur
Anode mit den Helium-Atomen zusammen und
geben Energie ab
•  Haben die Elektronen noch genügend
Energie, schaffen sie es bis zum Auffänger
Durchführung (2)
• Elektronen, die am Auffänger ankommen,
erzeugen Strom
• Die Strom- und Spannungswerte werden
gemessen
• Aufgenomene Werte werden in einer I(U)Graphik dargestellt
Beobachtungen
• Es entseht Licht in der Röhre
Beobachtungen (2)

Anodenstrom beim Franck-Hertz-Versuch an Quecksilber (Hg)
Deutung
• Die beschleunigten Elektronen stoßen auf zwei
Arten mit den Atomen zusammen
Elastische Stöße:
Elektronen verlieren fast keine Energie und
können deswegen den Auffänger erreichen
Inelastische Stöße:
Elektronen geben ihre Energie an Elektronen
des Gasatoms ab und erreichen deswegen den
Auffänger nicht.
• Das enstandene Licht sieht man, weil die von
den Elektronen des Gasatoms aufgenommene
Energie wieder als Lichtquant emittiert wird
Das Helium-Atom
Emissionsspektrum von Helium
• Wellenlängen und Frequenz der
Sprektranllinien
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫

438,793 nm = 6,8322 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
443,755 nm = 6,7558 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
447,148 nm = 6,7045 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
471,314 nm = 6,3608 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
492,193 nm = 6,091 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
501,567 nm = 5,9771 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
504,774 nm = 5.9391 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
587,562 nm = 5.1023 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
667,815 nm = 4.4892 ∙ 10¹⁴ Hz
Energieniveaus von Helium
• Das Termschema eines
Heliumsatoms zeigt einige
Eigenschaften eines
Mehrelektronen-Atoms
• Ein Elektron in einem höheren
Niveau kann einen Spin
parallel (Parahelium) oder
antiparallel zu dem Elektron
im Grundzustand haben
(Orthohelium)
Schlussfolgerung
• Der Franck-Hertz Versuch beweist, dass
Elektronen auch durch inelastische Stöße in
einen angeregten Zustand gebracht werden
können
• Elektronen der Atome können nur ganz
bestimmte Energien aufnehmen
Diese Energien werden in Form von Strahlung
wieder emittiert
• Emittierten Elektronen, die nicht eine
bestimmte Energie besitzen, werden nicht von
den Elektronen der Atomen absorbiert
• Durch diesen Versuch wiesen Franck und Hertz
die konkreten Energiezustände in Atomen nach
• Die Energiedifferenzen zw. den einzelnen
Energieniveaus werden auch nachgewiesen
Quellen
•
•
•
•

http://phys.educ.ksu.edu/vqm/html/FranckHertz.html
http://www.ulfkonrad.de/pdf_s/referate/atom-quant/fhv-ko
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck-Hertz-Versuch
http://www.leifiphysik.de/web_ph12/versuche/10frank
herz/aufbau.htm
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrvCDHQcj40
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVkpaDw-5y0
• http://hydrogen.physik.uniwuppertal.de/hyperphysics/hyperphysics/hbase/quantum/he
lium.html#c1
• http://www.cactus2000.de/de/unit/masswav.shtml

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Franck-Hertz Versuch

Notas del editor

  1. Nur wichtigste Punkte sind hier geschrieben worden. Es werden mehr noch dazu gesagt wie z.B. welche Deutund Franck und Hertz den Experiment gegeben haben.
  2. Schüler sollten die Graphik beschreiben.
  3. Die Deutung wird deutlicher mit Hilfe eines Applet erklärt.