An introduction to major counseling theories.

1. Counseling Theories
Hope you’re ready!

2. Counseling Theories

3. What we are covering
today:

4. Theories
What do you know already?

5. Origin of behavior:
Determinism Free Choice

6. Are people basically…
Rational Irrational

7. How does change
originate?
Reactive Proactive

8. Balance or growth?
Homeostasis Heterostasis

9. Do people change?
Unchangeability
Changeability
(better to adapt)

10. What is most important?
Your Client
beliefs needs

11. Before Freud
 How was mental illness explained?
 Possession
 Witchcraft
 Visions
 How was mental illness treated?
 Blood letting
 Exorcism
 Magnetism
 Hypnotism

12. Psychoanalysis
 Freud
 Psychosexual stages of development
 Unconscious
 Association
 Dreams
 Slips of the tongue
 Id / Ego / Super-ego
 Deterministic
 Irrational

13. Adlerian
 Social connectedness
 Life-style
 Birth order
 Discouragement/encouragement
 Equality
 Social interest
 Free choice

14. Jungian
 Collective unconscious
 Archetypes
 Purpose of dreams
 Self-Actualization

15. Developmental Theorists
 Anna Freud – play therapy
 Erik Erikson – psychosocial stages
 Jean Piaget – theory of cognitive development
 Lawrence Kohlberg – theory of moral development

16. Humanistic
 Rogers
 Person-centered
 Therapeutic relationship
 Warm
 Accepting
 Unconditional positive regard
 Freedom of choice

17. Existential
 May
 Tuberculosis
 Frankl
 Concentration camp
 “Man’s Search for Meaning”

18. Gestalt
 Perls
 The whole
 Self-actualized
 Freedom of choice
 Unfinished business

19. Behaviorists
 Watson
 Little Albert
 Conditioned fear response
 Skinner
 Radical behaviorism
 Bandura
 Bobo doll
 Social learning theory

20. Cognitive Behavioral
 ABC
 REBT
 ACT

21. Feminist
 Feminist theory
 Karen Horney
 Carol Gilligan
 In a Different Voice
 Jungian
 Goddesses in Every Woman
 Women Who Run with Wolves

22. Multicultural
 Ability of these theories to address diversity
 Societal factors
 Relational cultural therapy

23. Other perspectives
 Eastern psychotherapies
 Confucianism
 Taoism
 Zen Buddhism
 African wisdom

24. Theory is dead!
Common Factors
Expectancy (15%)
Extratherapeutic
change (40%)
Techniques (15%)
Common factors
(30%)

25. Integration
 Technical Eclecticism
 Theoretical Integration
 Assimilative Integration

26. Class Debate
One theory or integration

27. What is your theory?
 Theoretical Evaluation Self-Test (TEST)