The document discusses atomic structure and bonding. It covers subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. It defines atomic number and atomic mass. Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels. Ionic bonding occurs when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve full outer shells, forming ions. Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons. Ionic bonds are usually strong solids while covalent bonds are weaker liquids or gases.

1. Atomic Structure

8. Hydrogen Atom Electron Cloud

9. Quick Quiz – Subatomic Particles (continued) 7. The electron ___ around the nucleus. 8. The ___ electrons are the outer ___ electrons and are involved in ___ bonding. 9.To find the number of neutrons in an atom you subtract the __ number from the ___ number .

14. Quick Quiz – Numbers, Electron Arrangement 10. The __ __ is used to arrange the periodic table as it increases from __ to __. 11. The atomic number is the same as the number of ___ . 12. The __ number is the sum of protons and neutrons inside the ___. 13. The outermost electrons are the __ electrons and they orbit the nucleus in __ levels. 14. Bonding is the ___________ combining of 2 or more ____________________

17. Sodium and Chlorine

18. Sodium – a soft grey highly flammable metal Chlorine – a highly poisonous green gas +

19. = (equals) Table Salt

20. Lithium and Fluorine diagram shows Ionic Bonding in action

22. Quiz – Bonding Ionic 15. In ionic bonding electrons are either _ or _. 16. __ lose electrons and ___ gain electrons. 17. A positive ions has __ electrons and a negative ion has __ electrons. 18. __ bonds are strong, usually solid, and have __ melting and boiling points. 19.The magic number of valence electrons needed by all but two atoms is ___. 20.Name two common ionic bonds.

24. Water Methane

26. Quick Quiz – Bonding Covalent 21. In a covalent bond, electrons are ___. 22. Neither atom has a ___. 23. Intermolecular forces __ __ are weak. 24. Covalent bonds have ___ melting and ___ points. 25. Covalent bonds are usually found in these two states of matter. 26. Two common covalent compounds are __ and __.

27. Ionic – Gain or Lose Electrons Covalent – Share Electrons