The document discusses open access and copyright issues related to digital content. It provides an overview of key concepts like fair use, Creative Commons licensing, and open educational resources. It encourages practices that promote openness and sharing like using Creative Commons licenses, contributing to open repositories, and advocating for open access in publishing and education.

1. Canoe the
Open Content Rapids
Dorothea Salo
University of Wisconsin
21 October 2009
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/3336/142845984/

2. You’ve heard this too,
right?
• “My students are doing digital
storytelling. I tell them to go to Google
Images and use what they find there.
How should I tell them to credit the
creator?”
ARGH.

3. A word about ©
• (speaking only about the US)
• A limited monopoly granted by federal law
• over “original works of authorship” that are “fixed in a tangible medium of
expression”*
• ‘To promote the progress of science and the
useful arts’
• Life of author + 70 years; 95 years corporate
*yes, the Internet counts as “tangible” for copyright purposes
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/3336/1487072348/

4. Copyright permits...
• Copying for certain socially-approved uses
• Scholarship
• Parody/satire
• Library preservation (“section 108”)
• Classroom use (“the TEACH Act”)
• Limited copying for other reasons: “fair use”
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/molajen/2920869292/

5. What can you do with
your copyright?
• Sell it, in whole or in part.
• Sign it away without payment.
• For the most part, this is what faculty do with their journal articles.
• License it
• for broad or narrow purposes
• temporarily or permanently
• “exclusive”ly or non-
• free or for compensation
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dok1/3745228935/

6. Fair use
• Possibly the least-understood concept
in copyright!
• An “affirmative defense” in a copyright
lawsuit.
• Principles and guidelines, not hard-and-
fast rules.
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ktylerconk/3719425068/

7. Four-factor fair use test
• Character of the use
• Nature of the work
• Amount of the work copied
• Effect on the market for that work, if
everybody did what you’re doing
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/calliope/909753159/

8. The public domain

9. Google Books!
• All the legal wrangling is about
orphan works.
• Public-domain books will be freely
available through Google and Hathi.
• Enjoy!

10. Building the digital
public domain
• Musopen: http://www.musopen.com/
• Flickr Commons: http://flickr.com/
commons
• Project Gutenberg: http://
www.gutenberg.org/

11. Government documents

12. Three cheers for the feds!
• Work produced by federal employees
in the course of their jobs is in the
public domain.
• Unless it’s confidential or something, of course.
• This means more than text!
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/opalsson/3089698096/

13. The Cod of Ethics...
from the US Fish and Wildlife Service:
http://www.fws.gov/digitalmedia/
Logo design by Steve Lawson.

14. http://nasaimages.org/

15. Open Access

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17. Green Open Access Gold Open Access
•“Self-archiving”
•Institutional and •Open-access publishing
disciplinary repositories •No subscription fees, no
•arXiv: arxiv.org cost to access
•SSRN: ssrn.com •First journals, now books
•MINDS@UW: too!
minds.wisconsin.edu
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/n-o-n-o/3243731111/

18. Open access “mandates”
Faculty Libraries!
Funders

19. Finding OA materials
• OAIster
• http://oaister.org/
• Soon to become part of WorldCat
• Directory of Open Access Journals
• http://doaj.org/
• Google and Google Scholar

20. Happy OA Week!

21. Open Educational
Resources

22. Open courses
• MIT Open CourseWare
• http://ocw.mit.edu/
• Nearly 2000 courses!
• Open Learn from the Open University
• http://www.open.ac.uk/openlearn/home.php
• Stanford Engineering Everywhere
• http://see.stanford.edu/
• Try the OCW Finder!
• http://ocwfinder.com/

23. Open learning materials
• OER Commons
• http://www.oercommons.org/
• K-12 and college-level
• MERLOT
• College-level
• http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm
• Pointers to external resources
• Try the ODEPO directory!
• http://opened.creativecommons.org/ODEPO

24. Creative Commons

25. Creative Commons
• What if you want people to reuse your
stuff?
• You could grant it to the public domain...
• ... but then anybody can do anything with it.
• Creative Commons is a middle ground.
• Licensing copyrighted works to all comers for reuse!
• Under certain conditions...
• http://creativecommons.org/

26. CC license provisions
• BY: Must attribute to creator.
• On all CC licenses except CC0 (public domain dedication)
• ND: No derivative works.
• NC: Non-commercial use only.
• SA: Share-alike
• Release your new work under the same license.
• These can be combined!

27. Where to find
CC-licensed works
• Images: Flickr
• Has its own CC search, or use
• Flickr Storm: http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/
• GREAT source of legally-usable images for your projects and your
students’ projects!
• Music: ccMixter
• http://ccmixter.org/
• Also see http://incompetech.com/ (yes, really)
• Jamendo: http://www.jamendo.com/en/

28. Or look through...
• “30+ Places to Find Creative Commons
Media”
• http://www.sitepoint.com/blogs/2009/04/30/30-creative-
commons-sources/
• “25+ Sources for Creative Commons
Content”
• http://mashable.com/2007/10/27/creative-commons/
• “Copyright Friendly Image Sources”
• http://teacherlibrarianwiki.pbworks.com/Copyright+Friendly
+Image+Sources
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mattsheppard/109623841/

29. Compendium of
open images!
• http://
teacherlibrarianwiki.pbworks.com/
Copyright+Friendly+Image+Sources
• Government sources
• CC sources
• Public-domain sources

30. Add to the rapids!

31. Do not be this!
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrpattersonsir/47072047/

32. Digitization
• Do not engage in copyfraud!
• If it’s public domain, digitization does not re-copyright it.
• Make reuse rights or licenses clear.
• Use Creative Commons licenses
(including CC0) whenever possible!
• Join Flickr Commons
• Think about digitization when you
accept unpublished materials.
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/schex/193912573/

33. Publication
• Open access starts at home!
• We look bad when we tout open access to faculty and then
don’t practice it ourselves.
• Read your next publication agreement.
Amend it if necessary.
• UW System: use MINDS@UW!
• And encourage your colleagues and your faculty to use it.
• Activism!
• http://taxpayeraccess.org/
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/butterflysha/135659489/

34. Outreach
• Tell people about Creative Commons.
• Great for classroom needs!
• Instead of being copyright cop, be Creative Commons advocate!
• Credit visibly so that you can field
questions.
• Never ask permission when open
content will do!
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gaetanlee/159588834/

35. Paddle on!
Thank you!
This presentation is licensed
under a Creative Commons 3.0
Attribution license.
Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/binaryape/3314036576/