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Carlota Shoup
   El Imperfecto
   El Pretérito
       -Car, -Gar, -Zar
       Spock
       Cucaracha
       Snake/Snakey
   Modal Verbs
   Los Adverbios
   Progressives
       Present
       Past
   Future
       Irregular
       Conditional
   Superlatives
   Formal Commands
   Prepositions
   Demonstratives
   Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions
   Past tense
   No definite beginning or end
   Interrupted activity
       (Cuándo)
   Ongoing action
       (Was/were)
   Repeated               -ar             -er/-ir
        (Used to)
                          -aba               -ía
    



                         -abas              -ías
                          -aba               -ía
                       -ábamos            -íamos
                         -aban              -ían
-ar    -er/-ir
 é        Í
aste    iste
  ó      ió
amos    imos
aron   ieron
   -Car, -Gar, -Zar

        toCAR             juGAR          comenZAR
         Toqué            Jugué           Comencé
        Tocaste          Jugaste         Comenzaste
         Tocó              Jugó           Comenzó
       Tocamos           Jugamos        Comenzamos
        Tocaron          Jugaron        Comenzaron


   Regular verbs with these endings have a spelling
    change in the “yo” form to keep the soung of the verb.
 Spock   Irregular Verbs
                 Ser & Ir:   Ver & Dar:    Hacer:
    I               Fui        D/V i        Hice
                  Fuiste      D/V iste    Hiciste
  S r
                   Fue        D/V io        Hizo
  e
                  Fuimos     D/V imos     Hicimos
  r
                 Fueron      D/V ieron    Hicieron
   La Cucaracha Verbs
        Andar      Anduv-         -e
        Estar      Estuv-
        Poder      Pud-           -iste
        Poner      Pus-
        Querer     Quis-
                                  -o
        Saber      Sup-
        Tener      Tuv-
        Venir      Vin-           -imos

        Decir      Dij-           -isteis
        Traer      Traj-

        Conducir   Conduj-
                                  -eron
        Producir   Produj-   -i
        Traducir   Traduj-        -ieron
 Snake/Snakey
                 •Leer
                    •Leí
                    •Leiste
                    •Leyó
                    •Leimos
                    •Leyeron

                     To write the 3rd
• Dormir             person preterite
   • Dormí          form of –er and –ir
   • Dormiste        verbs with stems
                       that end in a
   • Durmió         vowel, change the
   • Dormimos           “i” to a “y”
   • Dumieron
   Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

   Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)

   Querer + infinitive (want to do something)

   Deber + infinitive (should do something)

   Tener que + infinitive (to have to do
    something)

   Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)
   -ly in English….-mente in Spanish

   When 2 adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd
    uses the “–mente” ending.
       Example: El autor escribió rápida y fácilmente.
                       The author wrote quickly and easily.



   Irregular: (do not follow the pattern of most adverbs)
     Mucho- a lot
     Muy- very
     Mal- bad
     Bastante- quite/enough
     Bien- good/well
     Ya- already
     Tan- so
     Demasiado- too
 Present
 Describes what is happening now
 Estar/Ser + -ando/-iendo/-yendo
 “yendo” because 2 vowels (spacer)
 Example:
       Estoy hablando a tí.
         I am talking to you


 Past (Imperfect):
 Combine “estar” with a present participle
 Drop –ar, -er, -ir ending and attach
  appropriate ending
       Estaba hablando a tí.
         I was talking to you
   “Will”
   Infinitive + é
                 ás
                 á
                 emos
                 án
   Example:
       Cantaré- I will sing
   Irregular:
       Decir        dir-
       Hacer        har-
       Poner        ponar-    é
       Salir        saldr-    ás
       Tener        tendr-    á
                               emos
       Valer        vendr-
                               éis
       Poder        podr-     án
       Querer       querr-
       Saber        sabr-
 Used when you want to say that
 something has the most or the least of a
 certain quality
    El más………………………El menos
    Los más……………………Los menos
    La más…………………….La menos
    Las más…………………..Las menos
 Touse a noun with the superlative form,
 put it after the article.
 When you refer to an idea or concept,
 use the neuter article “lo”.
 Inusted/ustedes form, put in the “yo” form
  and make feminine.
     Example: trabajar – trabajo – trabaja
   Abajo
   Arriba
   A la derecha (de)
   A la izquierda (de)
   Al lado (de)
   Cerca (de)
   Debajo (de)
   Delante (de)
   Dentro (de)
   Detrás (de)
   Encima (de)
   Entre
   Fuera (de)
   Lejos (de)
This    That    That Over There
Este     Ese         Aquel
Esta     Esa        Aquella




These   Those   Those Over There
Estos   Esos        Aquellos
Estas   Esas        Aquellas

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Grammar Book 2

  • 2. El Imperfecto  El Pretérito  -Car, -Gar, -Zar  Spock  Cucaracha  Snake/Snakey  Modal Verbs  Los Adverbios  Progressives  Present  Past  Future  Irregular  Conditional  Superlatives  Formal Commands  Prepositions  Demonstratives
  • 3. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions  Past tense  No definite beginning or end  Interrupted activity  (Cuándo)  Ongoing action  (Was/were)  Repeated -ar -er/-ir (Used to) -aba -ía  -abas -ías -aba -ía -ábamos -íamos -aban -ían
  • 4. -ar -er/-ir é Í aste iste ó ió amos imos aron ieron
  • 5. -Car, -Gar, -Zar toCAR juGAR comenZAR Toqué Jugué Comencé Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste Tocó Jugó Comenzó Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron  Regular verbs with these endings have a spelling change in the “yo” form to keep the soung of the verb.
  • 6.  Spock Irregular Verbs Ser & Ir: Ver & Dar: Hacer: I Fui D/V i Hice Fuiste D/V iste Hiciste S r Fue D/V io Hizo e Fuimos D/V imos Hicimos r Fueron D/V ieron Hicieron
  • 7. La Cucaracha Verbs Andar Anduv- -e Estar Estuv- Poder Pud- -iste Poner Pus- Querer Quis- -o Saber Sup- Tener Tuv- Venir Vin- -imos Decir Dij- -isteis Traer Traj- Conducir Conduj- -eron Producir Produj- -i Traducir Traduj- -ieron
  • 8.  Snake/Snakey •Leer •Leí •Leiste •Leyó •Leimos •Leyeron To write the 3rd • Dormir person preterite • Dormí form of –er and –ir • Dormiste verbs with stems that end in a • Durmió vowel, change the • Dormimos “i” to a “y” • Dumieron
  • 9. Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)  Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)  Querer + infinitive (want to do something)  Deber + infinitive (should do something)  Tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)  Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)
  • 10. -ly in English….-mente in Spanish  When 2 adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd uses the “–mente” ending.  Example: El autor escribió rápida y fácilmente. The author wrote quickly and easily.  Irregular: (do not follow the pattern of most adverbs)  Mucho- a lot  Muy- very  Mal- bad  Bastante- quite/enough  Bien- good/well  Ya- already  Tan- so  Demasiado- too
  • 11.  Present  Describes what is happening now  Estar/Ser + -ando/-iendo/-yendo  “yendo” because 2 vowels (spacer)  Example:  Estoy hablando a tí. I am talking to you  Past (Imperfect):  Combine “estar” with a present participle  Drop –ar, -er, -ir ending and attach appropriate ending  Estaba hablando a tí. I was talking to you
  • 12. “Will”  Infinitive + é ás á emos án  Example:  Cantaré- I will sing  Irregular:  Decir dir-  Hacer har-  Poner ponar- é  Salir saldr- ás  Tener tendr- á emos  Valer vendr- éis  Poder podr- án  Querer querr-  Saber sabr-
  • 13.  Used when you want to say that something has the most or the least of a certain quality  El más………………………El menos  Los más……………………Los menos  La más…………………….La menos  Las más…………………..Las menos  Touse a noun with the superlative form, put it after the article.  When you refer to an idea or concept, use the neuter article “lo”.
  • 14.  Inusted/ustedes form, put in the “yo” form and make feminine.  Example: trabajar – trabajo – trabaja
  • 15. Abajo  Arriba  A la derecha (de)  A la izquierda (de)  Al lado (de)  Cerca (de)  Debajo (de)  Delante (de)  Dentro (de)  Detrás (de)  Encima (de)  Entre  Fuera (de)  Lejos (de)
  • 16. This That That Over There Este Ese Aquel Esta Esa Aquella These Those Those Over There Estos Esos Aquellos Estas Esas Aquellas