1. PERIOD IV 1450-1750 AP WORLD HISTORY REVIEW Smithtown High School West Age of Exploration Start of Political Revolutions

22. The Rise and Decline of the Gunpowder Empires Mughal and Ottoman Empires 1450-1750

30. The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s

35. The Ottoman Centralized Bureaucracy SULTAN Local Administrators & Military Landowners / Tax Collectors Muslims Jews Christians Led by Sultan – Absolute power Chief minister, or adviser, to the Sultan GrandVizier Viziers Positions were based on merit, not birth. Provincial Governors (Beys) And Military elite - The Janissaries Heads of Individual Religious Millets Process of succession was not distinct – could cause conflict Who do you think had the real power?

41. Age of Exploration and the Rise of Europe

42. Motivation Gold – Wealth and prestige for the crown Glory – Glory for their nation, Individual Glory and fame God – Great Missionary Spirit to justify actions and gain new followers Need for new forms of revenue Take over trade from Muslims and Italians who dominated Mediterranean Iberian Gold – Wealth for individual and trading company Calvinists – wealth was a sign of God’s good grace. Glory – Individual fame and fortune God – Search for religious freedom (Puritans were persecuted) Competition developed with Iberian nations Northern European

43. 1. Crusades led to increased trade between Europe and the Middle East. 2. The Ottoman Empire controlled the trade routes to the east. The Europeans were forced to seek alternative trade routes to Asia. How did it all start? How will the Europeans get around the Ottomans?

46. The Spaniards attack the Aztecs The Spaniards capture the Inca King

48. Oversight Institution The Crown – Monarch and Church received 20% of profits! Mercantilism. Relied of King and Pope to make decisions. Resulted in slow, ineffective process of rule Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494: Pope made decision to split New World possessions into spheres of interest between Spain and Portugal. Iberian Trading companies received charters from King East and West India Companies develop – Privately funded ventures with goal of making a profit. Mercantilism existed, but development of capitalism began. Decisions can be made much faster by the settlers: Mayflower Compact Northern European

49. European Empires: 1660

52. The Triangle Trade Atlantic Slave Trade : Africans faced a diaspora, or forced movement of its people, as slavery became the dominant labor force in the Americas.

56. Land Based Empire vs. Sea Based Empires C