1. Chapters 10-18Chapters 10-18
Study Guide ReviewStudy Guide Review

2. chapter 10chapter 10

3. 1. Why did monarchs’ power increase
because of the crusades?
Nobles and knights left home to fight in
the Middle East

4. 2. Describe the impact the crusades had
on the Jews.
The Jews were continually persecuted
by the Christians during all of the
Crusades.

5. 3. List 2 causes of the crusades
1. The emperor of Constantinople got nervous
because the Seljuk Turks were advancing
towards Constantinople and would possibly
take it over. The emperor asked Pope Urban II
for help.
2. Pope Urban II wanted to push the Muslims
back and reclaim Jerusalem. He promised
entry to heaven to all who joined to fight.

6. 4. What was one reason that
led to the Crusades?
• Christians were afraid that the Muslims
threatened Constantinople in the
Byzantine Empire.
• The Muslims took the Holy Land away
from the Christians.

7. 5. What happened to the Christians after
the Seljuk Turks took over the Holy
Land?
• Christians could no longer visit the
Holy Land safely.

8. 6. Who was the Christian ruler that
fought against Saladin during the
Crusades?
• King Richard I (also known as the
Richard the Lion heart.)

9. chapter 11chapter 11

10. 7. How did the geography of West Africa
influence trade?
People from different vegetation zones
traded with each other for the goods
they needed.

11. 8. How did the advances in iron tools contribute to the
population growth in West Africa?
Advances in iron tools created an
abundant food supply.

12. 9. What was one economic effect of the
four vegetation zones in West Africa?
• People from different areas or zones
traded with one another.

13. 10. What technological advancement
improved farming in West Africa?
Iron tools

14. 11. List from smallest to largest, the four
types of settlements in West Africa.
Family based homes (extended families)
Villages
Towns
kingdoms

15. 12. How did Islam get to West
Africa?
• Trade

16. chapter 12chapter 12

17. 13. Describe Ghana’s control of trans-
Saharan trade.
Because of Ghana’s location, traders had to pass through
Ghana. They had to pay a heavy tax on the goods they
traded.

18. 14. People from the southern forests,
traded to get what necessary resource?
Salt

19. 15. Trans-Saharan trade improved when
these were first used?
Camels

20. 16. People north of the Sahara traded with people of the
southern forests. What were two items they traded?
Salt and gold

21. 17. The Wangarans from the southern
forests traded silently, why?
They didn’t want anyone else to know
where their gold mines were located.

22. chapter 13chapter 13

23. 18. List three ways Islam changed African
government.
1. The right to rule passed from father to
son. (patrilineal)
2. Africans started to exercise more
control of local rulers (centralized
government)
3. Adoption of Shari’ah (Islamic law)

24. 19. How did West Africans adapt Islam
into their culture architecturally?
They built mosques.

25. chapter 14chapter 14

26. 20. What is the function of oral tradition?
To preserve (keep) history

27. 21. Find a proverb that expresses the
importance of oral tradition.
“Every time an old man dies, it is as if a
library has burnt down.”

28. chapter 15chapter 15

29. 22. How was the fall of the Han Dynasty
similar to the fall of the Roman Empire?
Just like Rome, China broke up into
separate kingdoms.

30. 23. How did the Han and Tang Dynasties
select government officials?
People who wanted government
positions took civil service exams.

31. 24. Who allowed the lower class to
become government officials?
Song Dynasty

32. 25. Why were scientists, mathematicians, and
engineers not government officials?
The civil service exams didn’t
test science, math, or
engineering.

33. chapter 16chapter 16

34. 26. What caused wealthy farmers from
northern China to move south?
Attacks by the Mongols caused the
northern farmers to move south.

35. 27. What had to happen in order for
China’s population to grow?
Stable (steady) food supply

36. 28. What improvements in water
transportation improved commerce?
A vast network of rivers and canals
connected different parts of China.

37. chapter 17chapter 17

38. 29. Describe the impact the magnetic
compass had on travel.
The magnetic compass made long
distance travel at sea easier.

39. 30. Describe how the Chinese mass
produced porcelain.
Each person performed a different task
over and over.
For instance: one washed the clay, one
applied the glaze, one shaped the bowl,
and one operated the kiln.

40. 31. What did the Chinese discover while experimenting
with saltpeter?
Gunpowder

41. 32. Name 4 inventions that developed in
China and spread to Europe.
1. paper making
2. playing cards
3. movable type
4. mechanical clocks

42. 33. List 3 ways the Chinese prevented the
spread of contagious diseases.
1. disinfectants
2. inoculations
3. steaming clothes

43. MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

44. 34. List three things that are typical of a
golden age.
• 1. Peace (no war)
• 2. Prosperity (money was available)
• 3. Art and literature flourished

45. 35. Label the hierarchy of the European
feudal society
Monarchs
Lords
Knights
peasants

46. 36. Label the hierarchy of the Japanese
feudal society
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
peasants

47. 37. In studying history, how might
historians describe the following terms?
• Military – warfare/army for protection
• Economy – money based economy
• Geography – layout of area
• Religion – beliefs of a culture
• Politics – government of culture
• Social/cultural - how people live in a culture.

48. 38. In what countries were these cities
important to trade & learning:
• 1. Timbuktu – Africa
• 2. Cordoba – Spain
• 3. Baghdad – Middle East (now Iraq)
• 4. Kyoto - Japan

49. 39. Why was Zheng He an important
Chinese explorer? (Chapter 18)
• He brought new ideas and products to
China. However, his explorations were
over when the Ming Dynasty closed
their “trading” doors with the outside
world.

50. 40. Describe the requirements needed for an Islamic
ruler according to Sunni and Shiites?
• 1. Sunni ~ They believe that the best person for the
“job” should be the next ruler of the Islamic Empire
regardless of the “blood” line.
• 2. Shiite ~ They believe that only Muhammad’s blood
relatives should be the next ruler of the Islamic
Empire.

51. 41. Who was the founder of the
Islamic religion? When and where
was he born?
• Muhammad started the religion
about 610 ce. He was born in
Mecca and he was born around
570 ce. He died in the year 632 ce.

52. 42. Who was crowned Holy Roman
Emperor in 800 CE?
• Charlemagne was crowned Holy
Roman Emperor in 800 CE.

53. 43. Who won the Battle of Hastings?
What did this person start in
England?
• William the Conqueror won the
Battle of Hastings.
• William the Conqueror started
feudalism in England.

54. 44. Who went on a hajj to Mecca
from his Mali Empire?
• Mansa Musa went on a hajj to
Mecca from the Mali Empire.

55. 45. Who was the ruler of the
Byzantine Empire and had to fight
back during a rebellion?
• Justinian was the ruler of the
Byzantine Empire and through the
encouragement of his wife
Theodora, he stayed back during a
rebellion.

56. geographygeography

57. 46. What Continent is located south of
Europe?
• Africa

58. 47. What continents surround the
arabian peninsula?
• Asia, Europe and Africa

59. 48. IN what city was muhammad born?
• Makkah (Mecca)

60. 49. What body of water did arab traders
cross to reach europe?
• Mediterranean Sea

61. 50. Which ocean borders Africa on the
West?
• Atlantic Ocean

62. 51. Which ocean borders Africa on the
East?
• Indian Ocean

63. 52. What sea borders Africa on the
North?
• Mediterranean Sea

64. 53. What LARGE desert is located in
Africa?
• SAHARA DESERT

65. 54. What city was an important center of trade and
learning for the kingdoms of Mali and Songhai?
• TIMBUKTU

66. 55. What large country is separated from
China by the Himalayas?
• INDIA

67. 56. What country North of China is
located nearest the Huang He?
• MONGOLIA